Museum "Sadovoe koltso"

It is a unique modern museum that is aimed at the cultural education of Moscow residents and guests of the capital. The museum is the cultural center of one of the oldest districts of Moscow - Meshchansky, affecting various spheres of cultural and educational activities. This is the only museum in Moscow that is fully devoted to the study of the history of the development of one district, as well as being an information center for future development projects of the Meshchansky district and a consulting center on the history of the district. The museum is an exhibition complex, which hosts many exhibitions of painting, photography, objects of decorative and applied art, an exhibition-reconstruction of the historical space, a leisure center for young people and children. The museum is located in the old Moscow mansion on the territory of one of the most ancient districts of Moscow - Meshchansky. The mansion is entered in the register of architectural monuments and is a typical example of residential buildings of the Moscow classicism of the XVIII century. At the heart of the building is the foundation of the residential chambers of the XVII century. The real name of the author of the mansion is unknown. I.E. Grabar assumed that the creator of the house was N.N. Legrand, who worked in Moscow in the years 1773-1791. The mansion burned during a fire at the period of the occupation of Moscow by French troops, but was restored. In this era, the house belonged to Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Lobanov-Rostovsky (1758-1838), the infantry general, participant in the war of 1812. In the 1820s, Major P.V. Gruschetsky, a relative of the famous Decembrists MP Bestuzhev-Ryumin and Muraviev-Apostolov brothers, became owner of the mansion. Grushchetsky himself was not a member of a secret society, but maintained close friendly relations with the Decembrists. For some time the widow of the Decembrist M. Fonvizina Natalia Dmitrievna lived in this house. According to contemporaries, she served as a prototype for Tatyana Larina. Subsequently, the house repeatedly changed its owners, among them the collegiate assessor Shamardin, merchant I.M. Zaitsevsky. The last known owner of the merchant environment was the first guild merchant Liya Aronovna Gurevich. After the 1917 revolution, two families lived in the mansion: the military doctor Khorava and the engineer-engineer Pyatyshev, who moved to Moscow from Petrograd in 1918. In the 20s, during the period of consolidation, communal apartments were formed in the house, which existed here until the end of the 1960s. In the 70s a scientific restoration of the mansion was carried out under the guidance of architect K.O. Zurina, during which the authentic elements of the facade decor were restored: lion macaroons and a carved balcony. After the restoration to the 100th anniversary of V.I. Lenin, the Museum of Labor and Military Glory of the Dzerzhinsky District was opened in the house. The old house on the 1st Meshchanskaya was not chosen by chance, according to legend, in 1894 in the basement of this house the son of a merchant of the first guild Alexander Alekseevich Ganshin published the work of V.I. Lenin "What are the friends of the people and why they are fighting against the Social Democrats." As such, the museum existed until 1998. The new society has set quite different tasks for the museum. A new scientific concept of the museum was developed, where the Meshchansky district itself became the main subject of study: historical facts and legends of residents, streets, houses, parks and squares. On the eve of the third millennium celebration, a new exhibition was opened in the museum.