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Diphtheria Department of the V.E.Morozov Children's Hospital

If necessary, in case of a high risk of infection spread, the Diphtheria Department building could be separated into two blocks with two separate entrances.

Diphtheria Department of the V.E.Morozov Children's Hospital
Diphtheria Department of the V.E.Morozov Children's Hospital
Dobryninskaya, Serpuhovskaya
If necessary, in case of a high risk of infection spread, the Diphtheria Department building could be separated into two blocks with two separate entrances.
3.20
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Архитектурный стиль:
Годы постройки:
1902
Архитекторы:
Эпоха:
1900s
Информация о здании

В основу планировки Морозовской детской больницы, после изучения европейского опыта устройства аналогичных учреждений, был положен павильонный принцип. Для разных категорий больных планировались и строились отдельные изолированные корпуса, в зависимости от профиля заболевания. Делалось это для того, чтобы пациенты не заражали друг друга. Так решила специальная врачебная комиссия, разрабатывавшая программу устройства Морозовской больницы. Ее составили главный врач больницы св. Владимира С.Василевский, главный врач Сокольнической больницы В.Шнауберт и главный врач проектируемой Морозовской больницы Н.Алексеев. Согласно этой программе работал архитектор И.А.Иванов-Шиц, разрабатывая план территории и расположения больничных корпусов.

Основой больничного корпуса стал обширный общий зал, к которому примыкали специальные палаты меньшего размера.

Корпус для дифтеритного (дифтерийного) отделения был построен в 1902 году. Отделение было открыто – в числе первых в Морозовской больнице – в январе 1903 года. Оно было предназначено для 40 больных. В здании было 2 павильона по 14 кроватей, 2 паровых комнаты по 2 кровати, 2 палаты по 3 кровати, 1 палата на 2 кровати, операционная, лаборатория, 2 буфета, 2 клозета и 2 комнаты для дневного пребывания детей. Планировка и отделка здания дифтеритного отделения аналогичны «скарлатинному корпусу» Морозовской больницы. При необходимости, в случае увеличения опасности распространения инфекции, корпус мог быть разделен на два самостоятельных отделения с отдельными входами.

Первоначально здание было одноэтажным, второй этаж имелся только в левой части, где располагались входы в корпус: основной, акцентированный своеобразным «порталом», и вспомогательный. Асимметричная композиция придавала зданию определенную динамичность. Центр правой, одноэтажной части дифтеритного корпуса выделен ризалитом, в котором расположено большое окно, по ширине превосходящее остальные. Все окна украшены своеобразными модерновыми «сандриками». Они выделялись на фоне неоштукатуренных кирпичных стен. Здание поставлено на невысокий цокольный этаж с заглубленными в землю окнами.

В 1950 году одноэтажная часть здания надстроена вторым этажом. К зданию также сделаны в советское время пристройки, что нарушило первоначальную композицию Дифтеритного корпуса. Однако первоначальное ядро здания хорошо сохранилось.

Константин Михайлов
Автор статьи

Having studied the European expertise in designing hospital buildings, the architect decided to use the pavilion plan concept for the Morozovskaya Children's Hospital. Isolated blocks were intended for various categories of patients depending on their diagnoses. It was done so that patients would not infect each other. The special board of doctors that was developing the Morozovskaya Hospital arrangement concept came up with this solution. Members of the board were Dr. S.Vasilevsky, Chief Medical Officer with the St. Vladimir Hospital, Dr. V.Schnaubert, Chief Medical Officer with the Sokolnicheskaya Hospital, and Dr. N.Alexeyev, Chief Medical Officer with the designed Morozovskaya Hospital. Architect I.A.Ivanov-Schitz committed to the developed concept in designing the Hospital grounds' plan and its departments' position.

In the core of the hospital building was the spacious common hall to which various smaller wards were adjoining.

The building of the Diphtheria Department was constructed in 1902. The department was opened among the first departments of the Morozovskaya Hospital in January 1903. It was capable to admit 40 patients. The building had two 14 bed pavilions, two 2 bed steam rooms, two 3 bed wards, one 2 bed ward, an operating theater, a laboratory, a canteen, two lavatories and two day inpatient facilities for children. The Diphtheria Department's layout and finish are similar to those of the Scarlet Fever Department's of the Morozovskaya Hospital. If necessary, in case of a higher risk of infection spread, the building could be divided into two independent departments with separate entrances.

Originally, the building had only one floor; the first floor was only in its left part with two entrances: the main entrance that featured a portal of a kind, and the auxiliary one. The building's asymmetrical plan was adding it certain vigor. The center of the right side single storey part of the Diphtheria Department is distinguished by the avant corps with the large window that is much wider than other windows. All windows are decorated with distinctive Art Nouveau pediments. They stand out against unplastered brickwork walls. The building is resting on a low semi basement with the windows sunken into the ground.

In 1950, one more floor was added to the single storey part of the building. Also, some annexes were added to it in the Soviet times. Those extensions distorted the Diphtheria Department's original layout. Nevertheless, the original core of the building is well preserved.

Konstantin Mikhailov
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