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Building of the Soyuzstandartzhilstroy Condominium

Among the building’s residents were People's Artists of the USSR E.F. Svetlanov, L.B. Kogan, M.M. Magomaev, T.I. Shmyga, E.A. Bystritskaya and other science and culture luminaries.

Building of the Soyuzstandartzhilstroy Condominium
Building of the Soyuzstandartzhilstroy Condominium
Леонтьевский пер., д. 14
Ohotnyj ryad, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya
Among the building’s residents were People's Artists of the USSR E.F. Svetlanov, L.B. Kogan, M.M. Magomaev, T.I. Shmyga, E.A. Bystritskaya and other science and culture luminaries.
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Архитектурный стиль:
Архитекторы:
В.П. Загорский, А.П. Белоярцев
Эпоха:
19th century, 1900s, 1910s
Информация о здании

Дом на углу Леонтьевского и Елисеевского переулков, как и многие дома-старожилы центра Москвы, искусно скрывает свой возраст. Его биография словно законспектирована в длинном официальном названии здания ("Доходный дом — жилой дом ЖСК "Союзстандартжилстрой" (1820-е; 1886, 1892, архитектор В.П.Загорский; 1912—1913, архитектор А.П.Белоярцев; 1932–1936; 1970, архитектор М.А.Посохин. В доме жили певица Татьяна Шмыга, певец Муслим Магомаев»), которое является ценным градоформирующим объектом.

В основе дома – старинный «послепожарный» особняк, возведенный, по сведениям маститого москвоведа П.В.Сытина, при восстановлении Москвы после наполеоновского нашествия. В 1886 году дом был перестроен и надстроен третьим этажом, а верхние этажи появились в 1912–1913 гг., когда высота доходной застройки в центре Москвы стремительно нагоняла европейские столицы.

В 1932–1936 гг. дом подвергается новой перестройке; угловая часть надстраивается шестым этажом. В эти годы дом принадлежит жилищному кооперативу "Союзстандартжилстрой" – организации, занимавшейся проектированием и строительством крупных жилых массивов в городах Советского Союза. Ей в конце 1920-х – начале 1930-х гг. было доверено привлечение к этим процессам ведущих европейских архитекторов и заключение с ними контрактов.

При перестройке 1930-х гг. дом получил свой нынешний импозантный облик в стиле "советского неоклассицизма", соответствовавший идеям Генерального плана Москвы 1935 года. Фасады вдоль Леонтьевского и Елисеевского переулков украшены пилястрами "гигантского ордера", зрительно объединяющими 2–5 этажи; нижний этаж трактован как цокольный и отделан рустом. Из неоклассической стилистики несколько выбивается отмечающий угловую часть дома эркер – это "наследство" доходного дома XIX – начала ХХ века. В 1970 году дом был реконструирован с заменой перекрытий на железобетонные.

Список знаменитых жильцов дома несколько длиннее, чем в его официальном названии. Помимо певицы Татьяны Шмыги, певца и композитора Муслима Магомаева, его супруги певицы Тамары Синявской, в доме жили композитор Рейнгольд Глиэр (в 1900-е годы), а в советское время – актриса Элина Быстрицкая, дирижер, пианист и композитор Евгений Светланов.

Но самым знаменитым жителем этого дома остается Муслим Магомаев, который жил здесь с 1982 по 2008 год. Окна их с Тамарой Синявской квартиры сегодня смотрят на сквер, где в 2011 году установлен памятник певцу и композитору. Впрочем, и до того москвичи считали, что "неофициальный памятник" Магомаеву уже стоит в этом сквере. Искусствовед Святослав Бэлза вспоминал, как однажды, будучи у Магомаева в гостях, услышал от него: "Мне памятник в Москве уже поставили". И пояснил: "Памятник Низами". Поскольку древних изображений поэта Низами не сохранилось, скульптор вдохновлялся лицом Магомаева, который играл роль Низами в кинофильме.

14 сентября 2017 года на доме была открыта мемориальная доска в честь Муслима Магомаева, "Орфея ХХ века" — так гласит высеченный на ней текст. Автор мемориальной доски — скульптор Салават Щербаков. Доска расположена под окнами квартиры, в которой жил Магомаев.

Константин Михайлов
Автор статьи

The age of the building at the Leontyevsky and Yeliseyevsky Lanes — just like many other old buildings in the Moscow center — is hard to tell at first glance. Its timeline transpires from its long official name: Tenement Building, Soyuzstandartzhilstroy Condominium (1820s; 1886, 1892, architect V.P. Zagorsky; 1912–1913, architect A.P. Beloyartsev; 1932–1936; 1970, architect M.A. Posokhin. Famous singers Tatiana Shmyga and Muslim Magomaev used to live in this building that represents a valuable element of the urban tissue.

At the base of the building is the old "post fire" mansion that, according to the renowned Moscow historian P.V. Sytin, was constructed when Moscow was recovering from the devastating Napoleonic invasion. In 1886, the building was reconstructed and the second floor was added. Its top floors were added in 1912–1913, in the period when the Moscow center was rapidly catching up with other European cities in terms of tenement buildings height.

In 1932–1936, the building underwent another reconstruction; its corner part was added another — fifth — floor. During those years the building belonged to the Soyuzstandartzhilstroy Condominium. Soyuzstandartzhilstroy was an organization engaged in design and construction of large housing projects in various cities of the Soviet Union. In the late 1920s–early 1930s, the organization was trusted to engage leading European architects in the design process and to make contracts with them.

During the 1930s reconstruction, the building received its present imposing appearance in the Soviet Neoclassicism style that was in line with the concept of the 1935 Moscow Development Master Plan. The facades along the Leontyevsky and Yeliseyevsky Lanes are decorated with the "giant order" pilasters that make the floors from second to fifth look integral; the lowest floor is interpreted as a semi-basement and has a rusticated decor. The bay window at the corner of the building somewhat stands out of neoclassical style. It remained as an element of the tenement building of the 19th–early 20th centuries. In 1970, the building underwent another reconstruction, its ceiling structures were replaced with the new ones of reinforced concrete.

The list of the building's famous residents is even longer than its official name. Among them were singer Tatiana Shmyga, composer Muslim Magomaev and his wife Tamara Siniavskaya, a famous singer, too. In the 1900s, composer Reinhold M.Glièr lived here; later, in the Soviet time, actress Elina Bystritskaya, conductor, piano player and composer Yevgeny Svetlanov also were its residents.

The most famous of all residents though was Muslim Magomaev who lived here with his wife Tamara Siniavskaya from 1982 to 2008. Today, the windows of their apartment are facing the garden where in 2011 the composer's statue was erected. However, even before that, Muscovites believed that an "unofficial" monument of Magomaev was there in the garden. Art expert Sviatoslav Belza recalled that during one of his visits to Magomaev the latter said, 'There is already a monument to me in Moscow'. Then he explained, 'The Nizami monument'. Since there were no images of Nizami, a 12th century Persian poet, sculptor asked Magomaev who played Nizami's part in a film to sit for the statue.

On September 14, 2017, a plaque commemorating Muslim Magomaev — the "Orpheus of the 20th century" — was unveiled on the building. The commemorative plaque was designed by sculptor Salavat Shcherbakov. The plaque is right below the windows of the apartment where Magomaev used to live.

Konstantin Mikhailov
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Museum-Apartment of N.S. GolovanovThe museum-apartment of Nikolai Semenovich Golovanov (1891–1953), a great conductor, composer and pianist, has been going on since 1969, when, after the death of the musician’s sister, this apartment became part of the Russian National Museum of Music. The base of foundations was the richest heritage of the musician: his collection of paintings, sculptures, applied arts, a library, an archive and a music library. Over the years, the value of this heritage has steadily increased. Golovanov’s status as a conductor and composer has changed: now this master is recognized as great. Wonderful concentration of spirituality, creative energy, the true scope of his work amazes. His personality attracts, above all, loyalty to the high moral principles established from childhood and uncompromising, selfless service to art. The memorial apartment of the conductor, which stores a variety of rarities, is also amazing. The house itself in Bryusov Lane, in which it is located, is a cultural monument. He belonged to the Bolshoi Theater. Such luminaries of Moscow’s vocal art as A.V. Nezhdanova, N.A. Obukhova, I.S. Kozlovsky, A.S. Pirogov, M. P. Maksakova had been living here since 1935. Golovanov lived in this house for about twenty years (1935–1953). During these years, he became a leading figure in the musical life of Moscow. He leaded the orchestra of the All-Union Radio and later the Bolshoi Theater. Three rooms of this apartment (study, living room, dining room) are memorials. Here almost every object remembers Golovanov. And in the former bedroom the archive materials are concentrated, allowing to trace the path of the musician. The initial stage is study at the Synodal School of Church Singing (1900–1909), which was conducted under the guidance of such masters as choir masters V. S. Orlov, N. M. Danilin, composers P. G. Chesnokov, A. D. Kastalsky, Vic. S. Kalinnikov. Golovanov wrote at the declension of years: “The Synodal school gave me everything: moral principles, principles of life, iron discipline, the ability to work a lot and systematically, instilled in me a sacred love of work.” The next stage is studying at the Moscow Conservatory in the class of composition and theory with S. N. Vasilenko and A. A. Ilinsky. At the same time, Golovanov did not lose contact with the Synodal School, becoming his teacher and regent’s assistant of the famous Synodal Choir. From 1915 to almost the last days - work at the Bolshoi Theater (with three forced breaks). These were the culminating years in the theater's life. Such masterpieces as productions by “Boris Godunov”, “Sadko”, “ Khovanshchina " (1948-1950) were created under the direction of Golovanov and his eminent “team” (artist F. F. Fedorovsky, directors L. V. Baratov, B. A. Pokrovsky and other outstanding masters). The management of Golovanov Large Symphony Orchestra of Radio was no less effective. Especially his activity in Moscow during the Great Patriotic War is important. Live broadcasts of the orchestra performances raised the spirit of even people far from music. In the photo of 1943 we see the conductor during the first performance of the Third Symphony in the USSR by S. V. Rakhmaninov. The exposition also reflected Golovanov’s composer’s work of various years, starting with the piano variations of his childhood years and ending with the spiritual chants of the 1940s. A special section is devoted to the long-term union of Golovanov and A. V. Nezhdanova: the musician was the accompanist and husband of the great singer. Entering the memorial rooms of the Museum, visitors immediately plunge into the world of art. Pictures of first-class artists (I. I. Levitan, M. V. Nesterov, K. A. Korovin and many others), sculptural portraits, antique furniture in the Empire style, stucco molding on the ceilings - everything creates a unique atmosphere. At the same time, the “handwriting” of Golovanov is felt. Features of theatricality are already visible in the planning of the apartment: the living room corresponds with the library like a theater hall and a stage. Doors with bronze mythological figures are remarkable. Although the genres, themes of paintings and sculptures presented in the memorial rooms are diverse, each room has its dominants. The study is the most "musical" room. There are many portraits of composers, conductors, as well as people of art and literature. Images related to religious themes, and images that embody the ideals of female beauty occupy a significant place in the living room. Travel in time and space: Russia and England, Italy and Egypt, India and the fabulous Berendeyev Kingdom, ancient antiquity and the 20th century is the thematic dominant in the dining room. Architectural masterpieces of the world come to life on paintings - the Taj Mahal mausoleum painted by V.V. Vereshchagin, the Pskov Kremlin by V.V. Meshkov, and the Venetian Doges Palace in the picture by I.K. Aivazovsky. And another attraction of the Museum is its visitors in the past and in the present. After all, Golovanov was visited by many outstanding musicians and artists. The owner of the apartment loved to arrange a feast on holidays and memorable days. Frequent guests were the singers of the Bolshoi Theater, who lived in the same house - Obukhov, Maksakova, Pirogov, Kozlovsky and others. Conductors B. E. Khaikin, K. P. Kondrashin, G. N. Rozhdestvensky, F. Sh. Mansurov, Yu. I. Simonov spoke here with memories and conversations after the Museum was opened (1974). Among the visitors of the concerts are the composer V. A. Gavrilin, the ballerina E. S. Maximova, the singer Z. A. Dolukhanova. 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