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Povarskaya Street

In June this Moscow street linden blossom.

Povarskaya Street
Povarskaya Street

In June this Moscow street linden blossom.

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Вид территории:
Streets and boulevards
Расположение и происхождение

Поварская улица — одна из самых старых улиц Москвы. Это старая Волоцкая дорога, которая шла от Кремля к Великому Новгороду, проходила по этому месту от ручья Черторыя до реки Пресни. Даже после того, как дорога переместилась сначала на современную Большую Никитскую, а затем и на Тверскую улицу, цари и вельможи продолжали ездить из Кремля в Новгород и обратно по линии современной Поварской улицы. В 1471 году по ней возвращался из Великого Новгорода царь Иван III, а в 1572 году — Иван Грозный. Пересечение Волоцкой и Смоленской дорог определило в XIV—XV веках место прежнего начала Поварской улицы от Арбатской площади.

XVII - XIX в.

В конце XVII — начале XVIII веков Поварская улица с соседними переулками стала превращаться в один из самых аристократических мест города. В 1716 году на улице стояли дворы князей П. М. Борятинского, Л. Б. Сибирского, И. М. Гагарина, И. А. Голицына, княгини Волконской, стольников Баскакова, Блудова, Трусова, Готовцева и других. У Борисоглебского переулка находился двор царевны Натальи Алексеевны — сестры Петра I. Здесь же располагались дворы Шаховских, Милославских, Колычёвых, Грибоедовых и других знатных фамилий.

До 1930-х годов на улице стояло четыре каменные церкви. И, как это было в старину, течение улицы отмечали доминанты церковных колоколен. Начиналась Поварская от церкви Тихона Амафунтского у Арбатских ворот 1689 года постройки. Вернее, две ее уникальные главы и классическая колокольня начинали течение улицы от Арбатской площади. Затем улица подходила к церкви Симеона Столпника, построенной в камне в 1676–1679 гг. Середину улицы отмечали два храма - Ржевской иконы Божьей матери (1654) и Святых Бориса и Глеба (1691), чья колокольня и классические портики очень украшали середину улицы на ее изломе. Ну а к Кудринской площади улица подходила, ориентируясь на храм Рождества Христова в Кудрине.

Пожар 1812 года уничтожил почти все деревянные здания. И как феникс возродились в новом ампирном виде старые дворянские усадьбы с курдонерами, садами и каре служб. До сих пор здесь вольготно стоят усадьба князя Гагарина, построенная архитектором Д. Жилярди в 1820-х, и усадьба Долгоруких-Боде-Колычевых-Соллогуб, которая считается «Домом Ростовых» из «Войны и Мира» Льва Толстого. В усадьбе Гагариных, где теперь размещается Институт мировой литературы им. Горького, с начала 19 века сохранился дом графа Н.А. Шереметева, который помнит, как А.С. Пушкин читал здесь свою «Полтаву». Сам Александр Сергеевич маленьким ребенком зиму 1708 года жил на Поварской с родителями на углу с Борисоглебским переулком. А Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов жил здесь с бабушкой две зимы 1828 и 1829 года и танцевал с кузинами на балах.

Свой аристократический характер Поварская сохраняла до конца XIX века. Она одной из первых в Москве была обсажена липами. Это произошло в 1899 году, и они стоят до сих пор, наполняя в июне неповторимым ароматом всю улицу и ее переулки.

XX - XXI в.

К началу XX века аристократический характер улицы сменился на буржуазный. Тут селились богатейшие купцы – Носенковы, Миндовские, Понизовские, Шлоссберги, Дункеры, Грачевы, чьи красивейшие особняки украшают улицу до сих пор. На Поварской целых четыре особняка, которые построил знаменитый архитектор Л.Н. Кекушев. Она начинается рестораном Прага, который Кекушев перестраивал по заказу купца Тарарыкина в начале 20 века. К сожалению, он потом перестроил свой ресторан в неоклассике. В 1900 году Моисею Саарбекову Лев Николаевич построил один из первых особняков в стиле модерн. А в 1904 году Кекушев создал самые красивые особняки этого стиля в Москве на месте дворянской усадьбы между Скарятинским и Скатертным переулками.

В начале 20 века на улицу пришло доходное строительство. И она украсилась доходными домами адвоката Калмеера, княгини Милорадович, графини Бобринской.

И в 20 веке у Поварской были не простые жители – Иван Бунин, Сергей Михалков, Наталья Кончаловская, Александр Кайдановский, Белла Ахмадуллина, Борис Мессерер. Тут выросли Андрон Кончаловский и Никита Михалков.

Povarskaya Street - one of the oldest streets in Moscow. It's an old Volotskaya road that went from the Kremlin to Veliky Novgorod, passed by this place on the creek to the river Chertoryya fresh water. Even after the road moved first to the modern large Nikitskaya, and then on Tverskaya Street, kings and nobles continued to drive from the Kremlin in Novgorod and back through the modern Povarskaya Street. In 1471 on her way back from Novgorod the Great, Tsar Ivan III, and in 1572 - Ivan the Terrible. Intersection Volotsky and Smolensk roads identified in XIV-XV centuries old place beginning Povarskaya street from Arbat Square. At the end of XVII - beginning of XVIII centuries Povarskaya Street with neighboring lanes began to emerge as one of the most aristocratic places in the city. In 1716, on the street stood the court of Prince P. Boryatinskaya, LB Siberian, IM Gagarin, IA Golitsyn, Princess Volkonskaya attendants Baskakov, Bludova, Troussov Gotovceva and others. In Borisoglebskii lane yard was Princess Natalia A. - sister of Peter I. It also has a yard Shakhovskys, Miloslavskys, Kolychёvyh, Griboyedov and other noble families. Until the 1930s the street were four stone churches. And as it was in the old days, during the street marked the dominant church bells. Povarskaya began the church Tikhon Amaphuntum in Arbat gate built in 1689. Rather, the two heads of its unique and classic bell tower started during the street from Arbat Square. Then the street was coming to church Simeon, built in stone in the 1676-1679 biennium. Middle of the street celebrated two temples - Rzhevsk Mother of God (1654) and Saints Boris and Gleb (1691), whose bell tower and classical porticos decorated very middle of the street on her break. Well, to Kudrinskaya Square street approach focusing on the Church of the Nativity in Kudrin. A fire in 1812 destroyed almost all wooden buildings. And like a phoenix reborn in a new form of Empire old noble estates with kurdoner, gardens and quads services. So far, here are freely manor Prince Gagarin, built by architect D. Gilardi in 1820, and the estate Dolgoroukys Bode-Kolychevs-Sollogub, which is considered the "House of Rostov" of "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy. The homestead Gagarin, where now houses the Institute of World Literature. Bitter, from the early 19th century, there is a house of Count NA Sheremeteva who remembers AS Pushkin read here his "Poltava". Alexander himself a little kid winter 1708 he lived with his parents at Povarskaya's at the corner of Borisoglebsk lane. And Mikhail Lermontov lived here with her grandmother two winters 1828 and 1829 and danced with her cousins ​​at the balls. His aristocratic character Povarskaya kept until the end of the XIX century. It is one of the first in Moscow was lined with lime trees. This happened in 1899, and they stand still, filling in June unique flavor the street and its alleys. By the beginning of XX century aristocratic character of the street changed to bourgeois. Here settled a rich merchant - Nosenkovy, Mindovskie, Ponizovskii, Schlossberg, Dunker, Grachev, whose beautiful mansions decorate the street until now. Povarskaya on as many as four of the mansion, which built the famous architect LN Kekushev. It starts restaurants in Prague, which Kekushev rebuilt by order of merchant Tararykin in the early 20th century. Unfortunately, he then rebuilt his restaurant in neoclassicism. In 1900, Moses Saarbekovu Leo built one of the first houses in the Art Nouveau style. And in 1904, loyal to create the most beautiful mansions of this style in Moscow on the site between the noble estate and Skatyatinsky Skatertniy lanes. In the early 20th century, the street it's lucrative construction. And she decorated apartment houses Kalmeera lawyer, Princess Miloradovich Countess Bobrinsk. And in the 20th century at the Chef's were not ordinary people - Ivan Bunin, Sergei Mikhalkov, Natalia Konchalovsky, Alexander Kajdanovsky Bella Akhmadullina, Boris Messerer. Here grew Andron Konchalovsky and Nikita Mikhalkov.

Автор статьи: Ирина Левина
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Интересное рядом(55)
Памятник Н.Ф. Филатову
Садовая-Кудринская ул., д. 15
Tsoy Viktor
Russian musican
Лосев Алексей Федорович
философ и религиозный мыслитель
Service Building of A.P. Sytin homestead Just like the main house of the homestead, the service building survived the Moscow fire in 1812.
ЦАО, Сытинский пер., дом 5, строение 2
Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya
Гранатный пер., д. 7, стр. 1.
Barrikadnaya, Pushkinskaya
Levenson’s fast print houseThe "A.A. Levenson’s fast print house" became the first printing house built the new Art Nouveau style.
Трехпрудный переулок, дом 9, строение 1
Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya, Mayakovskaya
«Kvartirokhozyain» (Landlord)The house for the co-op with the interesting name "Landlord".
ЦАО, Бронная М. ул., дом 30/1
Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya, Mayakovskaya
I. S. Ostroukhov House in TrubnikiThe privately owned “Museum of Personal Taste”, famous throughout Moscow, was once located in a small wooden house of a post-fire building from the 1820s. Today, there is a scientific exposition department of the State Museum of the History of Russian Literature named after V. I. Dahl. A wooden house with a mezzanine on a stone base was built in 1822 for the collegiate assessment of Elizabeth Sontseva. The mansion changed its owners more than once: at various times it was owned by architect Alexander Martynov, the founder of the famous almshouse Ivan Barykov. At the end of the 19th century, the house with a mezzanine belonged to the representatives of a large merchant family, brothers Dmitry Petrovich and Peter Petrovich Botkin. The museum history of the mansion can be kept from 1889, when the daughter of the millionaire merchant Nadezhda Petrovna Botkina marries a landscape painter, friend Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, a collector Ilya Semenovich Ostroukhov. As a dowry, Petr Petrovich Botkin passes the house in Trubnikovsky Lane to his son-in-law. He turns the house into a famous home museum. In the collection of Ostroukhov are paintings by Levitan and Serov, Vrubel and Repin, Matisse and Degas, Renoir and Monet. The museum has a huge collection of Russian icons. Ilya Semenovich himself calls his collection the “Museum of Personal Taste. After the revolution, in 1818, the “Museum of Personal Taste” was nationalized, and the ex owner of the collection was appointed its lifelong custodian. For 11 years, until the death of Ilya Semenovich, the mansion was called the “Museum of Icon Painting and Painting named after I. Ostroukhov”, becoming a department of the State Tretyakov Gallery. The “Museum of Icon Painting and Painting named after I. Ostroukhov” was liquidated less than a month after the Ilya Semenovich's funeral. The collection was divided between large galleries. In 1979, it was decided to transfer the mansion in Trubnikovsky Lane to the State Museum of the History of Russian Literature named after V. I. Dahl. Restorers have tried to restore the building in the form in which it existed at the end of the XIX century. During the renovation, the layout and decoration elements were preserved. There was an exhibition dedicated to the history of Russian literature of the 20th century from 1984 to 1992. And in 2014, the museum received another name - the scientific and exposition department “House of I. S. Ostroukhov in Trubniki”. Large, including international, historical and literary exhibition projects are held here. Creative evenings of contemporary writers, musical concerts, classes for children, lectures and discussions, as well as scientific conferences on the history of literature and the modern literary process are held. And on the first floor of the mansion there is a museum bookstore “Ostroukhov” with an excellent selection of humanitarian literature.
ул. Садовая-Кудринская, д. 19, стр.2
Krasnopresnenskaya, Barrikadnaya
г. Москва, ул. Молчановка М., д 8 стр. 2
State Museum of Oriental Art"The museum keeps paintings, graphics, sculptures, objects of decorative and applied arts, as well as archaeological artifacts from more than a hundred countries. The museum was founded in 1918 on the wave of the interest of the Soviet authorities in the preservation of world heritage: in the five post-revolutionary years more than 250 museums around the country were opened. At that time, the Oriental collections of the National Museum Fund, the museum of the former Stroganov School, carpet and antique shops, and warehouses of the Northern Company were included in the fund of the Museum of Oriental Art, or Ars Asiatica, as it was then called. Over time, the museum received its oriental collections from the State Historical Museum, the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the Polytechnic Museum and many others. The fund also expanded significantly due to private collections, procurement and archaeological expeditions. Many exhibits were donated to the museum by the republics and allied countries that are part of the USSR. A special place in the permanent exhibition of the Soviet period was occupied by the section “The Image of the Leaders of the Proletarian Revolution in the Art of the National Republic”. In particular, it was possible to see how the image of Lenin was revealed in the works of artists of the Soviet East. The final location of the museum and its collection was not immediately determined. Among the former halls of the Museum of Oriental Art are the Hirschman House at the Red Gate, the Historical Museum, the Stroganov School, the Tsvetkov Gallery on Kropotkinskaya Embankment and the building of the Church of Elijah the Prophet on Vorontsov Field. Today, the oldest Chinese ceramics of the II millennium BC is adjacent to traditional ritual objects from Buryatia, which seem to the inexperienced eye to be as ancient as the Chinese, but in fact were created no more than a hundred years ago. This creates the illusion that time is different in the East, but somewhere has completely stopped. On one floor you can see a masterpiece of world importance - a nap silk carpet from India of the XVII century - and a modern wool carpet from Afghanistan, where images of Kalashnikov tanks and machine guns are completely naturally woven into the traditional pattern. If the concept of ""design"" is applicable to antiquity, then for thousands of years in Asian design, little has changed. Each hall or group of museum halls is dedicated to a particular country or region of the East: thus, starting from Iran, you end up traveling in Kazakhstan, having seen the rhino skin shield in India, giant masks for the Buddhist religious mystery Tsam in Mongolia, Japanese katana combat swords, Chinese cricket jars, an Indonesian shadow theater, a handwritten book on palm leaves in Laos, carpets of the Caucasus and suzani embroidery in Uzbekistan. In the Japanese hall there is a unique figure composition: a snow-white eagle on a pine against the background of a screen with the image of a raging sea. The figure of an eagle is made in the most complicated technique of a combined assembly: the body and wings are made of wood, and the plumage consists of 1500 individual ivory plates. But it is particularly interesting that this composition was brought to Russia in 1896 as a gift to Nicholas II on the occasion of his coronation from the Japanese emperor Meiji. The emperor himself as part of the delegation that arrived in Russia was not, the imperial family was represented by Prince Sadanara Fushim. All vases, pitchers, swords and carpets, each item has its own story. And these stories have guardians. The research institute at the museum employs over 300 specialists. The last hall in the painting of the Caucasus and Central Asia, where works by the world's greatest artists of the 20th century, Niko Pirosmani and Martiros Saryan, deserve special attention after such a trip through the traditional East."
Eristov’s apartment buildingThis house was built by the author of the hotel "Savoy".
ЦАО, Бронная М. ул., дом 31/13
Street Spiridonovka

Its name to the street, in a sense obliged ... goats.

Улица Спиридоновка
Barrikadnaya, Tverskaya
Ivan the Terrible
First Tsar of All the Russias
Bunin I. A.
писатель