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Merchants Kuznetsov’s house

The “porcelain empire” of Kuznetsovs reached its peak during M.S. Kuznetsov time. He expanded and multiplied the family business, concentrating almost all porcelain and faience production in Russia in their hands.

Merchants Kuznetsov’s house
Merchants Kuznetsov’s house
ЦАО, Мира просп., дом 41, строение 1
Prospekt Mira, Проспект Мира (радиальная)
The “porcelain empire” of Kuznetsovs reached its peak during M.S. Kuznetsov time. He expanded and multiplied the family business, concentrating almost all porcelain and faience production in Russia in their hands.
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Архитектурный стиль:
Годы постройки:
XVIII-XX вв.
Архитекторы:
Ф. О. Шехтель, И.С. Кузнецов , В. Иванов
Эпоха:
18th century, 19th century
Информация о здании

Нынешний дом 41 по проспекту Мира (старое название — 1-я Мещанская улица) входил некогда в состав большой усадьбы, которая была построена еще в допожарные времена. В 90-х гг. XVIII в. тогдашний владелец усадьбы ротмистр Е.А. Зарин выстроил здесь главный двухэтажный дом и четыре симметрично стоящих флигеля — по два с каждой стороны от дома. Все строения были каменными.

Позже усадьбу купил подпоручик князь Никита Сергеевич Долгоруков; в 1812 г. усадьба пострадала от пожара, но была быстро восстановлена. Главный дом и флигеля приобрели облик, характерный для послепожарного ампира (главный дом сохранялся в таком виде вплоть до его сноса в 1970-х гг., сейчас приблизительно на его месте находится выход из метро «Проспект Мира»). Долгоруковы владели усадьбой до начала 1840-х гг., потом усадьба несколько раз переходила из рук в руки, пока наконец в 1875 г. ее не купил известный купец и промышленник, владелец фарфоровых заводов Матвей Сидорович Кузнецов (усадьба была приобретена на имя его жены Надежды Викуловны, урожденной Митюшиной). Поначалу никаких серьезных перестроек в усадьбе не проводилось, лишь были заново отделаны фасады жилых флигелей, во фронтонах которых появились изображения крылатых львов, держащих гербовый щит со стилизованными буквами К и М — по всей видимости, заглавные буквы фамилий «Кузнецовы» и «Митюшины».

В 1893 г. было решено перестроить южные (левые) флигели. В результате они были объединены в одно здание, которое представляло собой небольшой одно-двухэтажный особняк с эркером в средней части и достаточно скромным декором фасада. Автором проекта выступил известный архитектор Федор Осипович Шехтель. Позже Шехтель построил по заказу Кузнецовых еще один дом в этой же усадьбе — справа от главного дома, нынешний д. 43 - оригинальный особняк в неоготическом стиле (в советское время перестроенный почти до неузнаваемости).

На рубеже веков дом был еще раз перестроен, на этот раз авторами проекта выступили архитекторы Иван Сергеевич Кузнецов и Василий Григорьевич Иванов. Одноэтажная часть особняка была надстроена вторым этажом, а фасад получил совершенно новое декоративное оформление — в псевдобарочном стиле (с лепными наличниками окон, рустованными лопатками и оригинальным кровельным завершением). Особым украшением фасада являются изображения атлантов, держащих эркер второго этажа — их по заказу Кузнецовых создал молодой и мало кому тогда известный студент Московского училища живописи, ваяния и зодчества Сергей Тимофеевич Коненков, ставший в будущем выдающимся скульптором. Интерьеры особняка были богато отделаны лепниной, деревянными панелями, изразцами и мраморными каминами.

Сам Матвей Сидорович Кузнецов с женой жил в старом усадебном доме, а в этом особняке проживали его сыновья. После прихода к власти большевиков особняк, как и вся усадьба, был национализирован, в разное время здесь располагались различные административные учреждения. Большая часть подлинных интерьеров была уничтожена. Сейчас в одной части здания находится Московский общественный фонд культуры, в другой части — банк.

Current home on Prospect Mira 41 (the old name was 1st Meschanskaya street) was a part of the large country estate once, which was built in pre-fire of 1812 times. Captain E.A. Sarin that owned the estate in the 90-ies of XVIII century built the main two-storey house and four symmetrically facing wing - two on each side of the house. All the buildings were made of stone. Later the manor was bought by Lieutenant Prince Dolgorukov Khrushchev. Manor was damaged by fire in 1812, but was quickly restored. The main house and outbuilding acquired characteristic of post-fire Empire era shape. Main house remained as such until its demolition in 1970. Ground lobby of the Prospect Mira" subway station located there.

Dolgorukovs owned the estate until the beginning of 1840. Then homestead passed from hand to hand several times until finally in 1875 it was bought by almost an unknown merchant and industrialist, the owner of the porcelain factories Matthew Sydorovych Kuznetsov (the estate was purchased in the name of his wife, Nadezhda Vikulovna nee Mityushina). At first, no major rearrangements in the estate were conducted, but were refurbished facades of residential wings, gables in which there were images of winged lions holding a coat of arms with stylized letters K and M - apparently uppercase names " Kuznetsov " and " Mityushina." In 1893 it was decided to rebuild the southern (left ) wings. As a result, they were united in one building, which was a small one - story mansion with a bay window in the middle of quite modest decor and facade. The author of the project was the famous architect Fyodor Osipovich Shekhtel. Later Shekhtel built on order of Kuznetsovyh another house in the same manor - the right of the main house, the current, 43 - the original mansion in neo-Gothic style (in Soviet times remodeled almost beyond recognition ). At the turn of the century house was once again rebuilt, this time by the authors of the project are the architects Ivan Sergeyevich Kuznetsov and Vasily Ivanov. Single storey part of the mansion was layered second floor and got a brand new facade decoration - in barochnom style ( with molded architraves windows, rusticated blades and original roofing completion). Special decoration of the facade are images of Atlantis holding bay window of the second floor - they were created by the order of the Kuznetsov young and little known then student of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture Sergey T. Konenkov, who in the future became outstanding sculptor. The interiors of the mansion were richly paneled moldings, wood paneling, tiles and marble fireplaces. Matthew Sydorovych Kuznetsov lived in an old manor house with his wife, and his sons lived in this house.

After the Bolsheviks came to power the house, as well as the whole estate was nationalized, at various times it housed various administrative agencies. Most of the original interior was destroyed. Now one part of the building is Moscow Public Foundation for Culture, on the other side houses the bank.
Автор статьи: Мария Подъяпольская
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Интересное рядом(4)
Museum "Sadovoe koltso"It is a unique modern museum that is aimed at the cultural education of Moscow residents and guests of the capital. The museum is the cultural center of one of the oldest districts of Moscow - Meshchansky, affecting various spheres of cultural and educational activities. This is the only museum in Moscow that is fully devoted to the study of the history of the development of one district, as well as being an information center for future development projects of the Meshchansky district and a consulting center on the history of the district. The museum is an exhibition complex, which hosts many exhibitions of painting, photography, objects of decorative and applied art, an exhibition-reconstruction of the historical space, a leisure center for young people and children. The museum is located in the old Moscow mansion on the territory of one of the most ancient districts of Moscow - Meshchansky. The mansion is entered in the register of architectural monuments and is a typical example of residential buildings of the Moscow classicism of the XVIII century. At the heart of the building is the foundation of the residential chambers of the XVII century. The real name of the author of the mansion is unknown. I.E. Grabar assumed that the creator of the house was N.N. Legrand, who worked in Moscow in the years 1773-1791. The mansion burned during a fire at the period of the occupation of Moscow by French troops, but was restored. In this era, the house belonged to Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Lobanov-Rostovsky (1758-1838), the infantry general, participant in the war of 1812. In the 1820s, Major P.V. Gruschetsky, a relative of the famous Decembrists MP Bestuzhev-Ryumin and Muraviev-Apostolov brothers, became owner of the mansion. Grushchetsky himself was not a member of a secret society, but maintained close friendly relations with the Decembrists. For some time the widow of the Decembrist M. Fonvizina Natalia Dmitrievna lived in this house. According to contemporaries, she served as a prototype for Tatyana Larina. Subsequently, the house repeatedly changed its owners, among them the collegiate assessor Shamardin, merchant I.M. Zaitsevsky. The last known owner of the merchant environment was the first guild merchant Liya Aronovna Gurevich. After the 1917 revolution, two families lived in the mansion: the military doctor Khorava and the engineer-engineer Pyatyshev, who moved to Moscow from Petrograd in 1918. In the 20s, during the period of consolidation, communal apartments were formed in the house, which existed here until the end of the 1960s. In the 70s a scientific restoration of the mansion was carried out under the guidance of architect K.O. Zurina, during which the authentic elements of the facade decor were restored: lion macaroons and a carved balcony. After the restoration to the 100th anniversary of V.I. Lenin, the Museum of Labor and Military Glory of the Dzerzhinsky District was opened in the house. The old house on the 1st Meshchanskaya was not chosen by chance, according to legend, in 1894 in the basement of this house the son of a merchant of the first guild Alexander Alekseevich Ganshin published the work of V.I. Lenin "What are the friends of the people and why they are fighting against the Social Democrats." As such, the museum existed until 1998. The new society has set quite different tasks for the museum. A new scientific concept of the museum was developed, where the Meshchansky district itself became the main subject of study: historical facts and legends of residents, streets, houses, parks and squares. On the eve of the third millennium celebration, a new exhibition was opened in the museum.
Moscow, Prospect Mira, 14
Suharevskaya, Prospekt Mira, Проспект Мира (радиальная)