Botkin’s urban homestead

История усадьбы на Петроверигском переулке уходит корнями в XVII век, когда здесь, по преданию, находилось митрополичье подворье. Хотя документальных подтверждений этому не обнаружено, уже в XVII веке на участке были возведены каменные палаты, частично сохранившиеся в основе нынешнего здания.

Во второй половине XVIII века владение принадлежало графу Ефиму Ивановичу Владиславичу, племяннику сподвижника Петра I Саввы Рагузинского-Владиславича. Главный дом, фасадом выходивший на утраченную Петроверигскую церковь, был построен на рубеже XVII–XVIII веков.

В 1803 году усадьбу приобрел директор Московского университета Иван Петрович Тургенев. В эти годы усадьба превратилась в один из литературных салонов Москвы, где часто бывали Николай Карамзин, Михаил Херасков, Василий Жуковский.

После пожара 1812 года усадьба долго восстанавливалась. В 1832 году ее приобрел купец Петр Кононович Боткин, основатель крупнейшей в России чаеторговой фирмы. При нём главный дом был перестроен, фасады были оформлены в стиле позднего ампира. Были возведены два парных дворовых флигеля.

При Боткиных дом продолжил быть одним из центров культурной и общественной жизни Москвы. В правой пристройке к главному дому в 1866 году родился известный русский физик Петр Николаевич Лебедев.

В 1907 году усадьба перешла к внучке Петра Кононовича, Вере Петровне, вышедшей замуж за московского голову Николая Ивановича Гучкова. После революции 1917 года усадьба была национализирована. В советские годы здесь размещались различные учреждения, в том числе детский сад, ясли, склад издательства «Медицина». Также в здании располагалось Российское военно-историческое общество (РВИО).

In the second half of the XVIII century property was owned by count Efim Ivanovich Vladislavich, the nephew of Sava Raguzinsky – Vladislavich, the Peter I 's associate. Even earlier, according to legend, there was the Metropolit’s farmstead. Documents proving this, are not revealed, but in XVII century in the area were built stone chambers. They are partially preserved in the basis of the now existing building : in the basement of the ancient vaults visible. The main house, facing the lost Petroverig Church, was built at the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries. In 1803 the ownership was acquired by the director of the Moscow University, Ivan Petrovich Turgenev. Here he lived until his death in 1807. In these years the estate turns into one of the literary salons of Moscow. Turgenev often was visited by N.M. Karamzin, M.M. Kheraskov, V.A. Zhukovsky, with whom Andrei Ivanovich's son was friends. Mansion burned in the fire of 1812. Only two decades later, it was acquired by merchant Peter Kononovich Botkin. He rebuilt the main house, facades acquire treatment in the late Empire style: Ionic capitals, wreaths with ribbons, rich moldings on the antique theme between the pilasters of the portico. At the same time, two pairs of yard wings were built . Just like in Turgenev’s time, Botkin house becomes a center of cultural and social life. Among them were Alexander Herzen and N.P. Ogarev, V.G. Belinsky and I.I. Pan, N.V. Gogol and Leo Tolstoy, actors M.S. Shepkin and P.S. Mochalov. For a time there lived V.G. Belinsky, who was friends with the owner 's son Vasily Botkin. To a relative went poet A.A. Fet, who was married to Maria Petrovna Botkina. In the right annexe to the main house in 1866, birthplace of the famous Russian physicist Pyotr Lebedev, his father worked at the Botkins’ firm and rented an apartment here. Granddaughter of Peter Kononovich Vera Petrovna married to the head of Moscow Nikolai Gutchkoff brother of a prominent politician Alexander Ivanovich Gutchkoff. N.I. Gutchkoff was director of the Association of the tea trade, " Peter Botkin's sons." Here Guchkov moved to Botkinsky mansion in 1907. In 1918, the estate was nationalized, two years later Gutchkoff emigrated to France. Vera Petrovna was no longer alive : she died in 1916 In the early Soviet years in the house were arranged communal apartments. Thus in 1935 a part of the property was built up. And after the war, it alternately placed kindergarten, nursery, warehouse publishing "Medicine" and other state institutions. In 1970-s the Moscow City Council for Tourism and Excursions ( MGTES ) settled in the estate. Nowadays the building is occupied by the successor of MGTES – “Mosturizm." In recent years, a comprehensive scientific restoration of the main house has been carried out. A part of the interiors has been preserved. In a number of rooms, the Charitable Foundation for the Promotion of the Preservation of the Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Botkin's Manor is actively cooperating with the descendants of the Botkin family residing in Russia and abroad.