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Moscow university

It is known that Moscow University is located on Vorobievy hills. This is partially true. Old building, built in 1782, is located on Mohovaya Street. The massive building with a large dome and a wide portico clearly seen from the Manege Square. In 1812, the building burned down, but after 7 years of the recovery process has been fully restored, and University building welcomed its new students.

Moscow university
Moscow university
ЦАО, Моховая ул., дом 11, строение 1
It is known that Moscow University is located on Vorobievy hills. This is partially true. Old building, built in 1782, is located on Mohovaya Street. The massive building with a large dome and a wide portico clearly seen from the Manege Square. In 1812, the building burned down, but after 7 years of the recovery process has been fully restored, and University building welcomed its new students.
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Архитектурный стиль:
Годы постройки:
1786-1793, 1817-1819
Архитекторы:
М.Ф. Казаков, А.Г. Григорьев , Д.И. Жилярди
Эпоха:
18th century, 19th century
Информация о здании

О Московском Университете, как правило, говорят, что он расположен на Воробьёвых горах. Это правда, но лишь отчасти: его историческая часть находится на Моховой улице. Массивное здание с крупным куполом и широким портиком хорошо заметно с Манежной площади.

Созданный в 1755 году Императорский Московский Университет сначала разместился в здании Главной аптеки на Красной площади (до аптеки там был Земский приказ, а сейчас на его месте Исторический музей), потом переехал в бывший дом князя Репнина на Большой Никитской. Наконец, в 1782 – 1793 годах по проекту знаменитого архитектора М.Ф. Казакова на Моховой улице для университета было возведено новое здание. Его главный корпус, расположенный в глубине владения, был выделен восьмиколонным портиком и увенчан невысоким куполом над полуовальным парадным залом. Парадный двор обрамляют боковые крылья со скруглёнными наружными углами.

В 1812 году перед вступлением французов в Москву преподаватели и студенты университета были эвакуированы в Нижний Новгород, часть имущества также была вывезена. 6 сентября в здании университета вспыхнул пожар, в результате которого здание серьёзно пострадало. Всё, что не было эвакуировано, оказалось предано огню, в том числе существенная часть университетской библиотеки, насчитывавшей 20000 томов. После пожара университет посетил главный интендант французской армии маршал Дюма.

После ухода французов начался процесс приведения здания в порядок. Профессора обратились с открытым воззванием к обществу о помощи: в результате сумма пожертвований частных лиц на восстановление университета составила около миллиона рублей. Библиотека была не только восполнена, но и расширена, появились химический и анатомический кабинеты, гербарий.

Восстановление главного здания продолжалось до 1819 года. Руководил работами над московским университетом архитектор Доменико Жилярди. В целом он сохранил структуру старого здания и дворовый фасад Казакова, но на парадном фасаде заменил ионический портик дорическим, придав ему большую монументальность, и добавил рустованный цоколь с львиными масками над окнами. Также был переоформлен Актовый зал и появились солнечные часы на фасаде правого бокового крыла, созданные, по некоторым предположениям, скульптором И.П. Витали.

В советскую эпоху здание практически не изменило своего внешнего облика, лишь двуглавого орла во фронтоне сменил орден Ленина. Сам же университет утратил статус Императорского, зато получил имя одного из своих основателей – М.В. Ломоносова, а его руководство и большая часть факультетов переехали в новый комплекс зданий, построенный в 1949 – 1953 годах на Воробьёвых горах. В старом здании университета сейчас находится часть факультетов и библиотека.

It is known that Moscow University is located on Vorobievy hills. This is partially true. Old building, built in 1782, is located on Mohovaya Street. The massive building with a large dome and a wide portico clearly seen from the Manege Square. In 1812, the building burned down, but after 7 years of the recovery process has been fully restored, and University building welcomed its new students.

Imperial Moscow University was founded in 1755 and at first located in the premises of the Main pharmacy at the Red Square (Zemsky order was in that building before to the pharmacy, and now Historical Museum is there), then moved to the former home of Prince Repnin’s house on Bolshaya Nikitskaya street. Famous architect M.F. Kazakov Finally designed new University building on Mohovaya Street in 1782 - 1793's. Its main building was located in the depths of the property, adorned with eight-column portico and topped by a low dome above the semi-oval main hall. Front yard framed by the side wings with rounded outer corners.

In 1812, before the French invasion of Moscow university teachers and students were evacuated to Nizhny Novgorod, also they took part of the possessions with them. Fire broke out in university building on September 6th, 1812, building was seriously damaged. Everything that was not evacuated was on fire, including a substantial part of the university library containing 20,000 books. Marshal Dumas, the chief quartermaster of the French army visited the University after fire.

After the retreat of the French bringing the building back in order process began. Professors sent an open appeal to the public for help, as a result, the sum of contributions of individuals for the university restauration exceeded one million rubles. The library was not only filled, but also expanded, there were chemical and anatomical studies, herbarium.

Restoration of the main building lasted until 1819. Architect Domenico Gilardi managed the Moscow University restauration work. In general, the structure of the old building and courtyard facade designed by Kazakov retained, Doric portico replaced by Ionic one on the front facade, giving it greater monumentality, and rusticated base with lion masks above the windows added. Assembly Hall also redesigned and sundial appeared on the facade of the right side wing designed by the sculptor I.P. Vitali, according to some assumptions.

In the Soviet era, the building almost did not changed its appearance, a double-headed eagle on the pediment was replaced by the Order of Lenin. The University lost the Imperial status, but received the name of one of its founders - M.V. Lomonosov. Management and most of the departments have moved to a new building complex, built in 1949 - 1953 years on the Vorobievy Hills. Some departments and library are in the old building now. This is part of the Moscow University.
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Интересное рядом(23)
г. Москва, пл. Революции, д. 2/3
г. Москва, ул. Волхонка, д. 13, стр. 2
Lomonosov M.V.
Russian polymath, scientist and writer
Kazakov M. F.
архитектор
Manege Central Exhibition HallThe building of Big Manege was built by the order of Alexander I for 8 months in 1817 on the occasion of the 5th anniversary of the victory in the war of 1812. The construction was carried out according to the project of engineer Augustine Betancourt by a special staff of engineers and architects subordinated to the Chief Inspector of hydraulic and earthworks in Moscow, Major-General Lev Carbonier. The building was called then “Ekzersirgauz” (home for military exercises). It impossible to tell that deal with construction went well. The idea, offered by Betancourt and which was carried out by Carbonier, meant the unique technological principle: the unique wooden construction of rafters, covering 44.86 m of space without intermediate supports. However, with the onset of a heat at the end of July, 1818 two rafter farms of the Manege cracked. They were fixed, but a year later, in the heat, the damaged in the rafters happened again. By the highest order of Alexander I, from September 1823 to May 1824, farms were rebuilt, and their numbers increased from 30 to 45. In August 1824, a ceiling was sewn to the roof of the Manege. Miracle of the equipment of times of an empire style is a result of joint action of many architects. A. Betancourt and L. Carbonier’s ideas were brought to mind by honest and modest professionals whom history is almost silence: Colonel R.R. Bausa, lieutenant engineer A. Ya. Kashperov and others. In 1825, the main architect of the Commission of Buildings, famous moscow architect Osip Bove decorated the Manege with stucco and plaster decorations. Since 1831, concerts and festivities were regularly held in the Manege. After the revolution, there was a government garage in the Manezh and in the times of Nikita Khrushchev (since 1957), the Central Exhibition Hall opened in the building. An interesting fact was told by the researcher Sergey Petrov, who had studied the construction of the Manege for many years as the head of the Main Directorate for the Preservation of Monuments of the USSR. It turns out that in order to preserve wooden structures, in the days of Bove, the entire attic was covered with a makhorka (shag). On half-meter. All sorts of rodents and insects do not like this smell. In spite of the fact that the makhorka itself was smoked during the war of 1941–1945, all the constructions were as good as new in the 1970s. But even then in the attic there was still a thick smell of tobacco. Interestingly, the makhorka case at the Manege pulls along a beautiful train of cultural associations. Associations concern, first of all, the history of national architecture. Here - a makhorka! Saying this, today is almost an exotic word, how can you not recall the symbol of the transformations of modern Moscow - The Central Park of Culture and Leasure named after Maxim Gorky, on whose territory in 1923, hosted the first All-Union Agricultural Exhibition - VSHV. And its symbol for subsequent generations was the Makhorka pavilion built by the young architect Konstantin Melnikov - one of the first examples of avant-garde design.
поэт

Arshinov V. V.
ученый, геолог
поэт
русский писатель и переводчик, поэт-лирик
русский и советский хирург, организатор здравоохранения, основоположник советской нейрохирургии
врач-терапевт
Благотворительница
Bykovskii K. M.
архитектор, профессор архитектуры
Bryusov V. Y.
поэт, прозаик, критик, переводчик
советский врач, доктор медицинских наук
русский психиатр
российский и советский учёный естествоиспытатель, мыслитель и общественный деятель
поэт
композитор
поэт
русский дипломат, поэт, драматург, пианист и композитор, дворянин