Zinoviev - Yusupov chambers

Дом № 24 в Большом Афанасьевском переулке, известный как палаты Зиновьевых-Юсуповых, является одним из старейших сохранившихся жилых зданий Москвы. Палаты, построенные в 1680–1690-х годах по заказу стольника П. П. Зиновьева, представляют собой уникальный пример древнерусского зодчества. Строительство началось после получения Зиновьевым ссуды на возведение каменных зданий, и именно этим периодом датируются основные объёмы палат.

С момента постройки и до середины XVIII века дом принадлежал роду Зиновьевых. В 1774 году Ирина Михайловна Юсупова, урождённая Зиновьева, продала усадьбу графу Андрею Ивановичу Толстому. Позже дом неоднократно переходил из рук в руки, а в период между 1776 и 1782 годами два каменных корпуса были объединены и перестроены в одно здание.

Пожар 1812 года нанёс значительный ущерб усадьбе. Она была частично восстановлена, но подверглась дальнейшим перестройкам. В XIX веке дом был преобразован в ампирный особняк с мезонином, а в 1860-е годы декор фасадов изменили в стиле модной тогда эклектики. В конце XIX века дом был надстроен третьим этажом, что полностью изменило его первоначальный облик.

Здание связано с именами многих известных личностей. Среди владельцев был прадед Льва Толстого — граф Андрей Иванович Толстой. Последним владельцем дома был Александр Андреевич Берс, брат Софьи Андреевны, жены Льва Толстого. После 1917 г. в здании разместилось жилищное товарищество. Долгое время здание стояло без крыши, стены были открыты и находились в почти разрушенном состоянии.

On Bolshoy Afanasyevsky lane, 24 there is a dwelling house of XVII-XVIII century Zinoviev-Yusupovs. The house is also connected with the history of the Tolstoy family. In 2012, the dilapidated house was talentedly restored. Zinoviev’s family owned the house for more than a hundred years (1649-1755). Steward P.P. Zinoviev built a stone house on his land in 1680-1690's. It is known that in 1685, Zinoviev received a loan for the stone building construction. Restorers count the history of the house since this year. The house consists of two small volumes built in 1680s and later incorporated the suspended second floor . Irina Mikhailovna, the wife of Peter the midshipman and the Moscow Governor, Prince Boris Yusupov, the owners of this house came from Zinoviev’s family. And the Prince, taking care of his elderly mother in law arranged the home church in honor of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God in the house. In 1776, the House already belong to the great-grandfather of Leo Tolstoy Count Andrei Ivanovich. Grandson of the first Count in the family, Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy, the active partner and employee of Peter The Great, built a brilliant career. He served as a second-major in the Kazan Garrison , then he becomes a member of the Main Office of the palace . The last owner of this house was the brother of the wife of Leo Tolstoy, Alexander A. Bers - State Councillor, Vice -Governor of Orel, married to a Georgian princess of a Eristov familiy . He lived there after he retired. He worked at the Land Bank of Moscow , and died in 1918. He was mentioned several times in the book "My life at home and at Yasnaya Polyana" by his sister T.A. Kuzminskaya . In the XIX century the house was rebuilt in the Empire-style mansion with a mezzanine. In the 1860s, it was remodeled in the eclectic style which was fashionable then, and by the end of the century was built on the third floor and facade decor once again changed. So until the time of a restoration one could not recognize the XVII century Chamber style of the house. In the 2000s, the house has lost its first profitable neighbor, on which it was relied. Then all the outbuildings in the yard around the house were demolished and then a new residential complex was constructed around the building. For many years the house stood without a roof almost completely destroyed. The house was revived thank to the effort of indifferent public, activists Arhnadzor (Architectural watch organization) . In 2010 the restoration began. Masters have done the impossible - they recreated this house where Zinovieffs – Yusupov’s family lived in XVII-XVIII century. The group of restorers led by T.S. Borisova won first prize in the competition "Moscow restoration" in 2012 in the nomination "The best restoration project ."