Vysokopetrovsky monastery

Высоко-Петровский монастырь — одна из старейших монашеских обителей Москвы. Его история восходит к XIV веку, когда, по преданию, митрополит Пётр, перенёсший свою резиденцию из Владимира в Москву, основал монастырь во имя своего небесного покровителя. С 1514 года сохраняется практически в неизменном виде собор митрополита Петра, по которому монастырь получил своё название. Собор строился архитектором-итальянцем Алевизом Фрязиным, автором проекта Архангельского собора Московского Кремля.

Наибольшего расцвета монастырь достиг в конце XVII века благодаря покровительству семьи Нарышкиных. В этот период на территории монастыря были возведены церкови Боголюбской иконы Божией Матери (1684-1685) и преподобного Сергия Радонежского (1690). В Боголюбской церкви на средства царя Петра I создана фамильная усыпальница Нарышкиных, его родственников по материнской линии. Эти сооружения стали важными элементами монастырского ансамбля, выполненными в стиле нарышкинского барокко — элегантного и детализированного. В XVIII веке в монастыре появляются новые храмы и келейный корпус. Монастырский ансамбль с течением веков становился всё более многослойным, объединяя архитектурные стили разных эпох.
После революции монастырь был закрыт, а его здания использовались в хозяйственных целях. В советский период комплекс серьёзно пострадал, многие элементы были утрачены или повреждены. Лишь в 1990-е годы начался процесс его возрождения, церкви Высоко-Петровского монастыря получили статус патриаршего подворья, а в 2009 году он был возобновлён как монашеская обитель.

The monastery was originally created outside Moscow, in the Visokoe (High) village hence the monastery inherited the corresponding prefix in its name. Its foundation is connected with the name of Metropolitan Peter, who transferred his office from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. The heyday of the monastery falls on the 1680-1690's, when its main donors were Narishkins – Natalia Kirilovna's, the second wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, and the mother of Peter I. The present look of the Visokopetrovsky monastery formed at that time. Metropolitan Cathedral of Peter remains virtually unchanged since 1514. Monastery received its name after the cathedral. Small pillar-shaped one-domed church has a shape of eight leaves with large ledge directed to according to the compass, and the small ones are located between them. The cathedral was built by Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin. There were several churches of this type in Moscow previously. Church of St. Barbara in Varvarka looked pretty similarly, but it did not survive up to now. Cathedral of Vysokopetrovsky monastery is the only one of the type that survived. Two other conciliar churches were built later: cold church of Bogoliubsk in honor of Our Lady, in the years 1684-1685, as well as warm, in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh in 1690. In Bogoliubsk church at the expense of Tsar Peter I Naryshkin family and his relatives of his mother’s side tomb was founded. The church is built in the traditional Russian style. Sergius temple was built in memory of the events of 1689, when Peter I was forced to flee from conspiracy archers and Sophia in the Trinity- Sergius Monastery. It is embodied Naryshkin baroque style: ornate carved white stone portals, window casings with "broken pediments" and the sink instead of the traditional corbel arches crowning the quadrangle, with five domes. Other monastery churches played a supporting role. For example, in 1694 in Petrovka the new Holy Gate was built with a three-tiered tower with a gate church of the Intercession of the Virgin, which served as a house of the temple abbot of the monastery - their body is adjacent to the holy gates of the north.To the south is the temple of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God, created by the architect I.F. Michurin at the expense of the state-lady A.K. Naryshkina in 1744 in memory of the salvation of Peter I from the streltsy, which occurred on the day of the memory of this Virgin image. The west facade of the church wall breaks out to Petrovka, but there was no entry here - previously there was paint and icons. Finally, over the southern economic gateway opening into Krapivensky Lane, built in 1753-1755, the church of St. Pachomius the Great, later re-consecrated for the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. It originated on the basis of pre-existing on the site of white stone manor gates Naryshkin. They were also set up house on the corner of Petrovka and Krapivna alley turned into monastic cells : its facade is decorated with rich window casings with completion in the form of stepped ridges. The monastery was abolished in 1926, but finally the divine services ceased in 1929, when the last church, Bogolyubsky, was closed. The buildings were occupied by various offices, the former House Naryshkinskaya were administered by the State Literary Museum. The return of worship began in 1992, when the Sergievsky church was handed over to believers, and the Department of Religious Education and Catechesis of the Moscow Patriarchate was placed in the parish corps. The churches of the High-Petrovsky Monastery received the status of a patriarchal metochion, and in 2009 it was re-opened as a monastic monastery. In the southern span of the Holy Gate a new temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was created. Restoration of monastic buildings is still ongoing.