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Main House of a City Homestead

The building is associated with several famous names: Mikhail Danilov, 18th century writer and author of papers on artillery theory and practice; Major General Nikolay Shcherbatov, veteran of the 1812 Patriotic War; Decembrist Nikolay Vasilchikov.

Main House of a City Homestead
Main House of a City Homestead
ЦАО, Борисоглебский пер., дом 15, строение 3
The building is associated with several famous names: Mikhail Danilov, 18th century writer and author of papers on artillery theory and practice; Major General Nikolay Shcherbatov, veteran of the 1812 Patriotic War; Decembrist Nikolay Vasilchikov.
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Архитектурный стиль:
,
Годы постройки:
1818-1835
Эпоха:
19th century
Дата открытия, История появления

Борисоглебский переулок (в советское время – улица Писемского) − улица в центре Москвы, расположенная в районе Арбат, между улицами Новый Арбат и Поварская. Здесь находятся Дом-музей Марины Цветаевой, посольства Монголии и Литвы. Название переулка восходит к концу XVIII века. Оно дано по церкви Святых Бориса и Глеба, стоявшей до 1936 года на Поварской улице.

Дом 15, строение 3 – выявленный объект культурного наследия. Одноэтажное деревянное здание с каменным подвалом в дворовой части и антресолью выходит главным восточным фасадом на красную линию Борисоглебского переулка. Здание было построено как главный дом небольшой городской усадьбы в 1818 году и расширено в 1835 году каменными и деревянными пристройками «для сеней и подъезда». Оно стоит на месте сгоревшего в пожаре 1812 года дома с аналогичными объемами.

Владельцы и значимые персоны

Участок связан с именем писателя, переводчика, автора научных работ по теории и практике артиллерии Михаила Васильевича Данилова. В 40-е годы ХVIII века он был специально вызван в Москву для устройства дворцовых фейерверков и иллюминаций и был за эту деятельность пожалован очередным воинским чином. Участвовал он и в создании знаменитых единорогов (гранатных пушек). Он же написал одну из первых отечественных книг о пиротехнике. После отставки в 1759 году поселился в Москве. Его семья – а у Данилова было 15 детей – владела участком (рассматриваемый дом был построен позднее) 40 лет, до 1803 года.

Еще одним именитым владельцем этой городской усадьбы был участник Отечественной войны 1812 года и заграничных походов русской армии, генерал-майор, бригадный командир украинских казачьих регулярных войск, князь Николай Григорьевич Щербатов, родной брат московского генерал-губернатора Алексея Щербатова. Ему и принадлежал участок во время строительства сохранившегося дома № 15.

В 1822–1823 гг. городской усадьбой владела капитанша А.П. Дмитриева. В 1835 году это уже владение отставного корнета Н.А.Васильчикова. Декабрист, член петербургской ячейки Южного общества, корнет лейб-гвардии Кавалергардского полка Николай Александрович Васильчиков после поражения восстания служил на Кавказе, участвовал в персидском походе и русско-турецкой компании, был ранен и вышел в отставку. Находился под строжайшим контролем и жил в подмосковном Всехсвятском (ныне район станций метро Аэропорт и Сокол). В Москву ему разрешили вернуться в 1831 году.

В 1904 году хозяйкой дома в Борисоглебском переулке значится В.С.Селивачева.

До начала ХХ века это был жилой дом, в дальнейшем в нем разместилось учебное заведение.


Перестройка и реставрация

От ампирного решения главного фасада до нас дошла трехчастная композиция с нечетным количеством долей. По центру слабо выступает ризалит (первоначально с четырехколонным пилястровым портиком ионического ордера), завершающийся ступенчатым аттиком. Внешний облик дома был сильно изменен еще в начале ХХ века. Центральный ризалит лишился портика. Здание получило эклектический дробный декор.

В 1970-е годы был проведен капитальный ремонт дома, при котором сохранилась общая планировка и лишь небольшая часть оформления интерьеров, в том числе две угловые печи в одном из залов.

Очередные восстановительные работы с частичным обновлением конструкции прошли здесь в 2000-е годы.


Олег Фочкин
Автор статьи
The Borisoglebsky lane (Pisemsky street in the Soviet times) is a street in the Arbat area in the central Moscow, between the Novy Arbat and the Povarskaya streets. Nearby are the Marina Tsvetayeva Museum, Embassies of Mongolia and Lithuania. The lane's name dates to the late 18th century. It derives from the St. Boris and Gleb Church that till 1936 was in the Povarskaya street.

The building No. 15/3 is a newly identified cultural heritage site. This one storey wooden building has a stone basement and a mezzanine in its courtyard part. It is facing the Borisoglebsky lane's frontage with its eastern facade. The building was constructed as a main house of a small urban homestead in 1818 and expanded in 1835 with stone and wooden annexes "for wind lobby and entrance hall". It was constructed in the place of the house of the same size that burned in the 1812 fire.

The property is associated with the name of Mikhail V. Danilov, writer, translator and author of science papers on artillery theory and practice. In 1840s, he was invited to come to Moscow to arrange royal fireworks and light shows for which he was promoted to the higher military rank. He also contributed to designing the famous howitzers (grenade guns). Danilov also wrote one of the first Russian books on pyrotechnics. Having retired in 1759, he settled in Moscow. The Danilov family (with 15 children) owned the property (the building in question was constructed later) for 40 years up to 1803.

Another prominent owner of this homestead was Prince Nikolay G. Shcherbatov, veteran of the 1812 Patriotic War and the foreign campaigns of the Russian Army, Major General, Brigade Commander of the regular Ukrainian Cossack troops and brother of the Moscow General Governor Alexey Shcherbatov. He owned the property while the today's building No. 15 was constructed.

In 1822–1823, the homestead was owned by Captain widow A.P.Dmitriyeva. In 1835, the property title belonged to the retired Cornet N.A.Vasilchikov. Decembrist and member of the St. Petersburg cell of the Sourthern Society, Cornet of the Life Guard Cavalry Regiment, Nikolay A. Vasilchikov, after the Decembrist uprising was suppressed, served in the Caucasus, participated in the Persian and Turkish campaigns, was wounded and retired. He was under strict authorities' supervision and lived in the village of Vsekhsviatskoye near Moscow (now the area of the Airport and Sokol metro stations). It was not until 1831, that he was allowed to come back to Moscow to live.

  In 1904, the building in the Borisoglebsky lane was owned by a certain Mrs. V.S.Selivacheva.

Until the turn of the 20th century, it was a residential building, later it was housing an educational institution.

Of the building’s Empire main facade only its three part composition with an odd number of parts has survived. In the center, there is a flat avantcorps (originally, it had a four pilaster Ionic portico) topped with a stepped attic. The building's exterior was substantially altered in the early 20th century. The central avantcorps lost its portico. The building's decor became eclectic and fractional.

In the 1970s, a major renovation was performed in the building; however, the overall layout and a small fraction of interior decor were preserved, including two corner stoves in one of the formal rooms.

In the 2000s, another stage of restoration works including a partial renovation of the building's structure was performed.

Oleg Fochkin
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Its name to the street, in a sense obliged ... goats.

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