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Bové O. I.

Bové O. I.
Bové O. I.
архитектор
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Дата и место рождения:
24(4 ноября) 1784, Санкт-Петербург
Дата и место смерти:
17 (28 июня) 1834 г. Москва
Сфера деятельности:
Architecture
Эпоха:
Russian Empire 18th-19th century
Рождение и происхождение

Осип Иванович Бове (24(4 ноября) 1784 г., Санкт-Петербург, Россия – 17 (28 июня) 1834 г. Москва, Россия) – архитектор, активно участвовавший в восстановлении жилых домов и общественных зданий в Москве после пожара 1812 г. в «Комиссии для строений в Москве», построивший Первую градскую больницу, Большой театр и Манеж.

Будущий градостроитель родился в семье французского художника в Санкт-Петербурге, переехавшего в Москву. Начальное архитектурное образование и основы рисунка юный Осип получил у архитектора-итальянца Кампорезе. Затем он перешел в Архитектурное училище при Кремлевской экспедиции, возглавляемое М.Ф. Казаковым. Там даровитый ученик получил блестящую практику строительной техники у мастера на постройках в 1801-1806 гг., когда строилась Голицынская больница (Вторая градская на Калужской улице) и дом графа Разумовского на Гороховой улице (сейчас ул. Казакова).

Деятельность

 В 1809-1810 гг. в Твери Осип Бове вместе с архитектором К.И.Росси принял участие в строительстве и отделке дворца для принца Георга Ольденбургского и его супруги великой княгини Екатерины Павловны, назначенного императором Александром I генерал-губернатором Ярославской, Тверской и Новгородской губерний и директором путей сообщения.

После пожара Москвы 1812 года была создана «Комиссия для строений в Москве». Туда вошел уже известный и энергичный «служащий в должности архитектора титулярный советник Осип Бове». В Комиссию поступало до 100 прошений в день на возведение новых зданий - «для приведения первопрестольного города в приличествующий вид». Архитектор Бове успевал руководить обновлением кремлевских башен и стен, возведением Гостиного двора, строительством жилых и казенных домов, параллельно исправляя архитектурные проекты, поданные в Комиссию, и планируя городские ансамбли.

В 1816 году Осип Бове подал в петербургскую Академию художеств список своих 34 зданий за подписью главнокомандующего генерала А.П. Тормасова, начальника восстановительных работ в Москве, и был утвержден в звании архитектора.

В 1818-1824 гг. архитектор Осип Бове создал проект Театральной площади перед Большим театром (тогдашним Петровским), заключив в трубу речку Неглинную. В 1820-1822 годах спланировал и разбил у Кремлевской стены над речкой Неглинной сад с гротом-раковиной, фонтаном и кофейней, обнесенный чугунной решеткой с барельефами, украшенными военными эмблемами в память о войне 1812 года. Параллельно архитектор Бове восстановил сожженный Петровский театр, ставший Большим театром, спланировал и выстроил Театральную площадь.

В 1824-1825 гг. оформил Манеж, придав ему «военный» облик фронтонами, колоннами дорического ордера и карнизом со скульптурным фризом с лепниной в виде военных эмблем.

В 1825 – 1828 году реконструировал Екатерининскую (Новоекатерининскую) больницу на Страстном бульваре в стиле ампир. Другой значимый объект архитектора Бове – Первая Градская больница (сейчас Городская больница №1 им. Н. И. Пирогова) была построена в 1828 -1833 гг. Ее изысканный портик опирается на гладкую стену, украшенную скульптурными рельефами.

В 1832 году архитектор Бове перестроил Церковь иконы Божией Матери «Всех скорбящих радость» на Большой Ордынке в стиле ампир.

Смерть

Умер Осип Иванович Бове 2 августа 1834 года в Москве и похоронен в Донском монастыре.

Osip Ivanovitch Bové (October 24 (November 4), 1784, St. Petersburg, Russia - June 17 (June 28) 1834, Moscow, Russia) - architect, actively participate in the reconstruction of homes and public buildings in Moscow after the fire of 1812 in the "Commission for the buildings in Moscow," to build the first City Hospital, the Bolshoi Theatre and the Manege (Arena).

The future urban planner who was born in a family of French painter in St. Petersburg, he moved to Moscow. The initial architectural education and the basics of drawing young Osip received from the Italian architect Camporese. Then he moved to the School of Architecture at the Kremlin expedition led by MF Kazakov. There's a gifted pupil got a brilliant practice of construction machinery from the master on construction sites in 1801-1806 years - during the construction of the Golitsyn Hospital (Second Gradskaya hospital on Kaluga street) and the house of Count Razumovsky on Gorokhovaya street (now Kazakov street).

In 1809-1810 in Tver Osip Bove, together with the architect Carlo Rossi took part in the construction and decoration of the palace for Prince George of Oldenburg and his wife Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna, Emperor Alexander I appointed Governor-General of Yaroslavl, Tver and Novgorod provinces and Director of Communications.

After the fire of Moscow in 1812 the "Commission for the buildings in Moscow" was created. There entered already known and energetic "serving in the position of the architect Osip Bove titular councilor." The Commission received 100 petitions per day for the erection of new buildings - "to bring in the city of Holy befitting view." Architect Beauvais managed to lead the upgrade of the Kremlin towers and walls, construction of the arcade, the construction of residential buildings and state, parallel correcting architectural projects submitted to the Commission, and planning urban ensembles.

In 1816, Osip Bove filed a list of its 34 buildings signed by Chief of General AP Tormasov, chief of reconstruction works in Moscow to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, and was confirmed as an architect.

In 1818-1824 architect Osip Bove created the project of the Bolshoy Theater Square in front of the Bolshoi Theatre (then Petrovsky), enclosed in a tube the river Neglinnaya. In the years 1820-1822 planned and pitched near the Kremlin wall above the river Neglinnoy garden with a grotto-sink, fountain and coffee, surrounded by iron fence with carvings decorated military emblems in remembrance of the War of 1812. In parallel, the architect of Beauvais restored burned Petrovsky Theatre, which became the Bolshoi Theatre, planned and built the Theater Square.

In 1824-1825 Bove designed the Manege (Arena), giving it a "military" look by pediments, columns and Doric cornice with a sculptured frieze with stucco as a military emblems.

In 1825 - 1828 he reconstructed Yekaterininsky (Novoekaterininsky) hospital on Strastnoy Boulevard in the Empire style. Another important object of the architect Bove - First City Hospital (now the City Hospital №1 named after Pirogov) was built in 1828 -1833 years. Its elegant portico rests on a smooth wall, decorated with sculptural reliefs.

In 1832, architect Bove rebuilt Church of Our Lady of Sorrows "All the Afflicted" in Bolshaya Ordynka in the Empire style.

Joseph Bové died August 2, 1834 in Moscow, and is buried in the Donskoy Monastery.

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Связанные объекты(68)
24 Tverskoy boulevardCatherine Petrovna Stroganov owned the building at 24 Tverskoy boulevard since 1780.
ЦАО, Тверской бульв., дом 24, строение 1
Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya
Ekaterina’s hospiceThis is the address of the only known surviving monument of Petrine era at Preobrazhenka area.
ВАО, Стромынка ул., дом 20, ВАО, Стромынка ул., дом 20, строение 4
Preobrazhenskaya ploshchad, Sokolniki
Prince Gagarin’s houseDifferent people owned the property, but almost all of them wanted to arrange a children's hospital here. That still has not changed.
ЦАО, Садовая-Кудринская ул., дом 15, строение 3А
Shahovskaya’s house29th city hospital was located on the community’s property after the revolution.
ЮВАО, Госпитальная пл., дом 2, строение 1
Avdotia Trubetskaya-Bove’s house‘Moscow has gone mad! An artist, an architect, a valet - everybody are ok as long as the woman can get married!’
Петровский переулок, дом 6, строение 1
Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya
Мясницкая ул., д. 37, стр. 2
Turgenevskaya, Chistye_prudy, Sretenskij bulvar
Homjakov’s houseThe currently existing Homjakov’s House at Petrovka is a copy of the house, which was built here in 1824.
ЦАО, Петровка ул., дом 3, строение 1
Ohotnyj ryad, Kuzneckij most, Teatralnaya
Tagan district

In 1973, the area within the Garden Ring entered the nine protected areas of old Moscow.

район Таганский
Marksistskaya, Ploshchad Ilicha, Proletarskaya, Krestyanskaya zastava, Rimskaya, Taganskaya
Petrovka Street

In 1920-1940 years of the street has lost a number of prominent buildings.

Улица Петровка
Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya, Teatralnaya
Manege Central Exhibition HallThe building of Big Manege was built by the order of Alexander I for 8 months in 1817 on the occasion of the 5th anniversary of the victory in the war of 1812. The construction was carried out according to the project of engineer Augustine Betancourt by a special staff of engineers and architects subordinated to the Chief Inspector of hydraulic and earthworks in Moscow, Major-General Lev Carbonier. The building was called then “Ekzersirgauz” (home for military exercises). It impossible to tell that deal with construction went well. The idea, offered by Betancourt and which was carried out by Carbonier, meant the unique technological principle: the unique wooden construction of rafters, covering 44.86 m of space without intermediate supports. However, with the onset of a heat at the end of July, 1818 two rafter farms of the Manege cracked. They were fixed, but a year later, in the heat, the damaged in the rafters happened again. By the highest order of Alexander I, from September 1823 to May 1824, farms were rebuilt, and their numbers increased from 30 to 45. In August 1824, a ceiling was sewn to the roof of the Manege. Miracle of the equipment of times of an empire style is a result of joint action of many architects. A. Betancourt and L. Carbonier’s ideas were brought to mind by honest and modest professionals whom history is almost silence: Colonel R.R. Bausa, lieutenant engineer A. Ya. Kashperov and others. In 1825, the main architect of the Commission of Buildings, famous moscow architect Osip Bove decorated the Manege with stucco and plaster decorations. Since 1831, concerts and festivities were regularly held in the Manege. After the revolution, there was a government garage in the Manezh and in the times of Nikita Khrushchev (since 1957), the Central Exhibition Hall opened in the building. An interesting fact was told by the researcher Sergey Petrov, who had studied the construction of the Manege for many years as the head of the Main Directorate for the Preservation of Monuments of the USSR. It turns out that in order to preserve wooden structures, in the days of Bove, the entire attic was covered with a makhorka (shag). On half-meter. All sorts of rodents and insects do not like this smell. In spite of the fact that the makhorka itself was smoked during the war of 1941–1945, all the constructions were as good as new in the 1970s. But even then in the attic there was still a thick smell of tobacco. Interestingly, the makhorka case at the Manege pulls along a beautiful train of cultural associations. Associations concern, first of all, the history of national architecture. Here - a makhorka! Saying this, today is almost an exotic word, how can you not recall the symbol of the transformations of modern Moscow - The Central Park of Culture and Leasure named after Maxim Gorky, on whose territory in 1923, hosted the first All-Union Agricultural Exhibition - VSHV. And its symbol for subsequent generations was the Makhorka pavilion built by the young architect Konstantin Melnikov - one of the first examples of avant-garde design.