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Vozdvizhenka Street

The name of this street preserved the memory of the once existed here monastery.

Vozdvizhenka Street
Vozdvizhenka Street

The name of this street preserved the memory of the once existed here monastery.

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Streets and boulevards
Информация о месте

Улица Воздвиженка, как и Крестовоздвиженский переулок рядом, названа так по монастырю Воздвижения Честного Креста Господня (иначе Крестовоздвиженский монастырь). Расположена между Моховой улицей и площадью Арбатские ворота.

Надо отметить, что в XV-XVI веках именно эта местность называлась Арбатом и лишь позже это название распространилось на нынешний Арбат. В конце XIII - начале XIV века по трассе улицы пролегала дорога на Волоколамск и Новгород. В конце XVII века царь Алексей Михайлович повелел называть улицу Смоленской, поскольку она вела к церкви во имя иконы Божией Матери Смоленской (находилась за Смоленским рынком, на Плющихе, не сохранилась). Однако, т.к. церковь располагалась относительно далеко, то царское распоряжение было вскоре позабыто, а улицу стали называть Воздвиженкой по находившемуся здесь монастырю. Кроме того, некоторые исследователи и вовсе позже стали связывать название Смоленская с дорогой на Смоленск.

Воздвиженский монастырь основал в 1450 году боярин В.Г. Ховрин и сам же принял постриг в нем. В XV веке произошло событие, память о котором сохранялась долгое время. До монашества Ховрин был весьма смелым и удачливым воином, и во время одного из татарских набегов, когда князь заперся в Кремле, а татары беспрепятственно разоряли посад и пригород, Ховрин собрал монашескую братию и ударил по неприятелю. Не ожидавший отпора враг бежал, но был преследуем отрядом Ховрина вместе с воинами воеводы Юрия Патрикеевича. В результате, все взятые в плен москвичи были отбиты, а монахи с победой вернулись в Москву. В 1812-м году монастырь был разорен и в 1814-м упразднен. Его храм стал приходской церковью, которую снесли в 1934 году.

В XVII веке на Воздвиженке находились дворы близких к царю людей — Стрешневых, затем К.П. Нарышкина (д. 3; в 1875—1876 годах в перестроенных палатах Нарышкиных разместился Архив Министерства иностранных дел; все строения на участках домов 1—3 снесены при строительстве здания Государственной библиотеки СССР имени В.И. Ленина, ныне РГБ). Владение Нарышкиных в XVII веке находилось и на противоположной стороне, между Воздвиженкой и Большой Никитской улицей (д. 6). Позже это владение перешло к Разумовским, затем куплено Н.П. Шереметевым, ему же принадлежал и построенный в 1790-х годах примечательный дом с угловой ротондой (д. 8). Напротив него ныне располагается Музей архитектуры, занимающий усадьбу Талызиных. Дом 9 принадлежал Н.С. Волконскому — деду Л.Н. Толстого, описавшему этот дом как дом старого князя Болконского в романе «Война и мир».

Улица сильно пострадала от пожара 1812 года, после она была расширена до 10 саженей, замощена брусчаткой, с 1869 года освещена газовыми фонарями. По улице ходила конка, а затем и трамвай (пути были убраны уже в советское время).

Еще одно примечательное здание – магазин Военно-экономического общества офицеров Московского округа, позже Военторг, к сожалению, утрачено уже в наше время, в 2003 году. Ну и несомненно привлекает внимание невероятный особняк Арсения Морозова (д.16), вызвавший в свое время очень неоднозначные оценки у москвичей.

В 1930 году Воздвиженку переименовали в улицу Коминтерна, т.к. здесь находился Исполком Коминтерна, в 1946-м – в улицу Калинина (в память М.И. Калинина, доме 4/7 размещалась его приемная, и в сквере перед домом 14 с 1978-го по 1991 год стоял памятник Калинину ), с 1963 года улица становится частью проспекта Калинина. В 1990-х улице вернули прежнее название.

Vozdvizhenka Street, as well as Cross alley nearby, so named for the monastery Exaltation of the Cross (aka Holy Cross Monastery). Located between the streets and squares of moss Arbat Gates. It should be noted that in the XV-XVI centuries, this area is called the Arbat and only later this name spread on the current Arbat. At the end of XIII - beginning of XIV century on the highway street lay the road to Volokolamsk and Novgorod. At the end of the XVII century Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ordered to call out the Smolensk, because it led to the Church of the Icon of Our Lady of Smolensk (Smolensk was behind the market at Plyushchikha not preserved). However, since the church was located relatively far away, the royal order was soon forgotten, and the street became known Vozdvizhenka are here for the monastery. In addition, some researchers and all later became associated with the name of the Smolensk road to Smolensk. Exaltation monastery was founded in 1450 Boyar VG Khovrin and he himself was tonsured in it. In the XV century there was an event whose memory was preserved for a long time. Until Khovrin monasticism was very brave and successful warrior, and during one of the Tatar invasions, when the prince locked himself in the Kremlin, and the Tatars ravaged freely townsmen and suburbs, Khovrin assembled the monks and hit the enemy. Not expecting repel the enemy fled, but was chasing squad Hovrina with the warriors magistrates Yuri Patrikeevicha. As a result, all captured by Muscovites were repulsed, and the monks returned with a victory in Moscow. In 1812 the monastery was ruined and in 1814 abolished. His church became a parish church, which was demolished in 1934. In the XVII century on Vozdvizhenka yards were close to the king of the people - Streshnevs, then KP Naryshkin (d. 3; in 1875-1876 years in rebuilt houses Naryshkins located Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, all buildings on the site demolished homes 1-3 in the construction of the building of the State Library of the USSR Lenin, now RSL). Possession Naryshkin in the XVII century and was on the opposite side, between Vozdvizhenka and Nikitskaya Street (d. 6). Later it was transferred to the ownership of Razumovsky, then bought NP Sheremetiev, he also belonged to and was built in the 1790s, a remarkable house with corner rotunda (d. 8). On the contrary it is now the Museum of Architecture, which occupies the estate talyzinykh. The house belonged to 9 NS Volkonsky - grandfather LN Tolstoy described the house as the home of the old Prince Bolkonsky in the novel "War and Peace." Street was severely damaged by fire in 1812, after it was extended to 10 fathoms, paved with stone blocks, since 1869 lit by gas lamps. Walked down the street tram and then tram (way were removed during the Soviet era). Another remarkable building - shop Military Economic Society officers of the Moscow District, later Voyentorg, unfortunately, lost in our own time, in 2003. Well, certainly attracted the attention of an incredible mansion Arseny Morozov (D.16), which caused at one time a very mixed assessment of the Muscovites. In 1930, renamed the street Vozdvizhenka Comintern, because here was the Executive Committee of the Comintern in 1946 - in the street Kalinin (in memory of MI Kalinin, the house was located 4/7 of his desk, and in the square in front of the house 14 from 1978 till 1991 was a monument to Kalinin), 1963 Year street becomes part of Kalinin Prospekt. In the 1990s, the former name of the street back.

Автор статьи: Юлия Мезенцева
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Интересное рядом(66)
Романов переулок, д. 4, стр. 2
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Леонтьевский пер., д.19/2, (Гнездниковский М. пер., д. 2)
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"First step" houseThis is a brick apartment building in the style of "avant-garde" was built for educators .
Тверской бул., д.20, стр.4
Ohotnyj ryad, Pushkinskaya, Chekhovskaya
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ул. Большая Дмитровка, д. 7/5, стр. 4
8/1 Prechistenka streetCarriage House of the estate is perhaps known better than the estate itself.
ЦАО, Пречистенка ул., дом 8, строение 1
A.I. Shamshin’s apartment buildingThis tall apartment house forms the corner of Znamenka street Starovagankovsky alley.
ЦАО, Знаменка ул., дом 8/13, строение 1
Borovickaya
Korobkova’s houseThe dragon that is guarding the house did not save it from the fire and shelling.
Тверской бул., д. 6
Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya, Арбатская (филёвская линия)
Museum-Apartment of N.S. GolovanovThe museum-apartment of Nikolai Semenovich Golovanov (1891–1953), a great conductor, composer and pianist, has been going on since 1969, when, after the death of the musician’s sister, this apartment became part of the Russian National Museum of Music. The base of foundations was the richest heritage of the musician: his collection of paintings, sculptures, applied arts, a library, an archive and a music library. Over the years, the value of this heritage has steadily increased. Golovanov’s status as a conductor and composer has changed: now this master is recognized as great. Wonderful concentration of spirituality, creative energy, the true scope of his work amazes. His personality attracts, above all, loyalty to the high moral principles established from childhood and uncompromising, selfless service to art. The memorial apartment of the conductor, which stores a variety of rarities, is also amazing. The house itself in Bryusov Lane, in which it is located, is a cultural monument. He belonged to the Bolshoi Theater. Such luminaries of Moscow’s vocal art as A.V. Nezhdanova, N.A. Obukhova, I.S. Kozlovsky, A.S. Pirogov, M. P. Maksakova had been living here since 1935. Golovanov lived in this house for about twenty years (1935–1953). During these years, he became a leading figure in the musical life of Moscow. He leaded the orchestra of the All-Union Radio and later the Bolshoi Theater. Three rooms of this apartment (study, living room, dining room) are memorials. Here almost every object remembers Golovanov. And in the former bedroom the archive materials are concentrated, allowing to trace the path of the musician. The initial stage is study at the Synodal School of Church Singing (1900–1909), which was conducted under the guidance of such masters as choir masters V. S. Orlov, N. M. Danilin, composers P. G. Chesnokov, A. D. Kastalsky, Vic. S. Kalinnikov. Golovanov wrote at the declension of years: “The Synodal school gave me everything: moral principles, principles of life, iron discipline, the ability to work a lot and systematically, instilled in me a sacred love of work.” The next stage is studying at the Moscow Conservatory in the class of composition and theory with S. N. Vasilenko and A. A. Ilinsky. At the same time, Golovanov did not lose contact with the Synodal School, becoming his teacher and regent’s assistant of the famous Synodal Choir. From 1915 to almost the last days - work at the Bolshoi Theater (with three forced breaks). These were the culminating years in the theater's life. Such masterpieces as productions by “Boris Godunov”, “Sadko”, “ Khovanshchina " (1948-1950) were created under the direction of Golovanov and his eminent “team” (artist F. F. Fedorovsky, directors L. V. Baratov, B. A. Pokrovsky and other outstanding masters). The management of Golovanov Large Symphony Orchestra of Radio was no less effective. Especially his activity in Moscow during the Great Patriotic War is important. Live broadcasts of the orchestra performances raised the spirit of even people far from music. In the photo of 1943 we see the conductor during the first performance of the Third Symphony in the USSR by S. V. Rakhmaninov. The exposition also reflected Golovanov’s composer’s work of various years, starting with the piano variations of his childhood years and ending with the spiritual chants of the 1940s. A special section is devoted to the long-term union of Golovanov and A. V. Nezhdanova: the musician was the accompanist and husband of the great singer. Entering the memorial rooms of the Museum, visitors immediately plunge into the world of art. Pictures of first-class artists (I. I. Levitan, M. V. Nesterov, K. A. Korovin and many others), sculptural portraits, antique furniture in the Empire style, stucco molding on the ceilings - everything creates a unique atmosphere. At the same time, the “handwriting” of Golovanov is felt. Features of theatricality are already visible in the planning of the apartment: the living room corresponds with the library like a theater hall and a stage. Doors with bronze mythological figures are remarkable. Although the genres, themes of paintings and sculptures presented in the memorial rooms are diverse, each room has its dominants. The study is the most "musical" room. There are many portraits of composers, conductors, as well as people of art and literature. Images related to religious themes, and images that embody the ideals of female beauty occupy a significant place in the living room. Travel in time and space: Russia and England, Italy and Egypt, India and the fabulous Berendeyev Kingdom, ancient antiquity and the 20th century is the thematic dominant in the dining room. Architectural masterpieces of the world come to life on paintings - the Taj Mahal mausoleum painted by V.V. Vereshchagin, the Pskov Kremlin by V.V. Meshkov, and the Venetian Doges Palace in the picture by I.K. Aivazovsky. And another attraction of the Museum is its visitors in the past and in the present. After all, Golovanov was visited by many outstanding musicians and artists. The owner of the apartment loved to arrange a feast on holidays and memorable days. Frequent guests were the singers of the Bolshoi Theater, who lived in the same house - Obukhov, Maksakova, Pirogov, Kozlovsky and others. Conductors B. E. Khaikin, K. P. Kondrashin, G. N. Rozhdestvensky, F. Sh. Mansurov, Yu. I. Simonov spoke here with memories and conversations after the Museum was opened (1974). Among the visitors of the concerts are the composer V. A. Gavrilin, the ballerina E. S. Maximova, the singer Z. A. Dolukhanova. And at the present time there are many things in the Museum that attract both conductors, professional musicians, painting connoisseurs, music lovers, and a wide circle of people who want to touch the world of beauty.
г. Москва, ул. Волхонка, д. 13, стр. 2
г. Москва, ул. Манежная, д. 7
State Museum of Oriental Art"The museum keeps paintings, graphics, sculptures, objects of decorative and applied arts, as well as archaeological artifacts from more than a hundred countries. The museum was founded in 1918 on the wave of the interest of the Soviet authorities in the preservation of world heritage: in the five post-revolutionary years more than 250 museums around the country were opened. At that time, the Oriental collections of the National Museum Fund, the museum of the former Stroganov School, carpet and antique shops, and warehouses of the Northern Company were included in the fund of the Museum of Oriental Art, or Ars Asiatica, as it was then called. Over time, the museum received its oriental collections from the State Historical Museum, the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the Polytechnic Museum and many others. The fund also expanded significantly due to private collections, procurement and archaeological expeditions. Many exhibits were donated to the museum by the republics and allied countries that are part of the USSR. A special place in the permanent exhibition of the Soviet period was occupied by the section “The Image of the Leaders of the Proletarian Revolution in the Art of the National Republic”. In particular, it was possible to see how the image of Lenin was revealed in the works of artists of the Soviet East. The final location of the museum and its collection was not immediately determined. Among the former halls of the Museum of Oriental Art are the Hirschman House at the Red Gate, the Historical Museum, the Stroganov School, the Tsvetkov Gallery on Kropotkinskaya Embankment and the building of the Church of Elijah the Prophet on Vorontsov Field. Today, the oldest Chinese ceramics of the II millennium BC is adjacent to traditional ritual objects from Buryatia, which seem to the inexperienced eye to be as ancient as the Chinese, but in fact were created no more than a hundred years ago. This creates the illusion that time is different in the East, but somewhere has completely stopped. On one floor you can see a masterpiece of world importance - a nap silk carpet from India of the XVII century - and a modern wool carpet from Afghanistan, where images of Kalashnikov tanks and machine guns are completely naturally woven into the traditional pattern. If the concept of ""design"" is applicable to antiquity, then for thousands of years in Asian design, little has changed. Each hall or group of museum halls is dedicated to a particular country or region of the East: thus, starting from Iran, you end up traveling in Kazakhstan, having seen the rhino skin shield in India, giant masks for the Buddhist religious mystery Tsam in Mongolia, Japanese katana combat swords, Chinese cricket jars, an Indonesian shadow theater, a handwritten book on palm leaves in Laos, carpets of the Caucasus and suzani embroidery in Uzbekistan. In the Japanese hall there is a unique figure composition: a snow-white eagle on a pine against the background of a screen with the image of a raging sea. The figure of an eagle is made in the most complicated technique of a combined assembly: the body and wings are made of wood, and the plumage consists of 1500 individual ivory plates. But it is particularly interesting that this composition was brought to Russia in 1896 as a gift to Nicholas II on the occasion of his coronation from the Japanese emperor Meiji. The emperor himself as part of the delegation that arrived in Russia was not, the imperial family was represented by Prince Sadanara Fushim. All vases, pitchers, swords and carpets, each item has its own story. And these stories have guardians. The research institute at the museum employs over 300 specialists. The last hall in the painting of the Caucasus and Central Asia, where works by the world's greatest artists of the 20th century, Niko Pirosmani and Martiros Saryan, deserve special attention after such a trip through the traditional East."
Golokhvastov’s houseThe house once sheltered the revolutionary A.I. Herzen, and now it is a home of a "Civic Platform" liberal party.
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6 Naschokinsky LaneBoris Pasternak and Vera, the sister of Sergey Efron lived In this house.
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P.P. Smirnov’s mansionThe Art Nouveau gem of Tverskoy Boulevard, this house is one of the most fascinating works of the architect Fyodor Schechtel.
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Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya