Shibaevs’ estate

История усадьбы Сергея Мартыновича Шибаева на Новой Басманной улице начинается с 70-х годов XVIII века. Первоначально здесь находился трёхэтажный дом с пилястровым портиком и сводчатыми помещениями на первом этаже, который, предположительно, был построен князем Иваном Алексеевичем Белосельским. Фасад здания был оформлен в строгом классицистическом стиле.

В конце XVIII — начале XIX веков усадьба перешла во владение Марфы Яковлевны Кротковой, вдовы коллежского асессора, известной своей благотворительной деятельностью - она жертвовала значительные суммы на храмы и монастыри. Усадьба сохраняла классический облик до 1870-х годов, когда дом был приобретён богородским купцом первой гильдии Сидором Шибаевым.

Шибаев был влиятельным фабрикантом и одним из первых нефтепромышленников России. Он начал свой путь в бизнесе с Морозовыми, основав в 1844 году отбельную фабрику в Богородске. В 1870-х годах он занялся нефтяным бизнесом, купив несколько месторождений в Баку и основав нефтяное товарищество «С.М. Шибаев и К». После смерти Шибаева в 1883 году его жена унаследовала дело мужа и продолжала успешно управлять предприятием, расширив деятельность и получив признание на всероссийских выставках.

Дом на Новой Басманной в период владения Шибаевыми претерпел значительные изменения благодаря проекту архитектора Александра Степановича Каминского. Фасад здания получил новое оформление в псевдорусском стиле: окна второго этажа украсили наличники с изысканным завершением, вместо пилястр появились сдвоенные полуколонки, углы здания также были оформлены полуколонками. Главный фасад венчал аттик сложной формы и две стилизованные башенки по углам дома. Все декоративные элементы фасада были выполнены из терракоты и раскрашены в разные цвета, что придало дому нарядный и яркий облик, выделявший его среди прочих зданий на улице.

После смерти вдовы Шибаева в конце XIX века дом был куплен государством и стал частью Басманной больницы. В советские годы здание использовалось для административных целей.

The house on the corner of 1st Basmanny alley was built in the 70 years of the XVIII century. Originally, the main house was a three-story with vaulted rooms on the ground floor. Its facade adorned by pilaster portico, the ground floor was decorated with rustication. Perhaps this great representative house was built by Prince Ivan Beloselsky, who had the estate in this part of the Novaya Basmannaya Street. At the end of XVIII - early XIX centuries the possession belonged to Martha Krotkova, the widow of a collegiate assessor, owner of the estate Molodi near Moscow. She was known as a generous philanthropist, donated a lot for temples and monasteries. In the 1870s the manor was bought by a merchant of the first guild Sidor Shibaev - famous manufacturer and oilman. He came from the Old Believers merchant lineage of Shibaevs. He was a member of the community of Rogozhskoe cemetery. He began his industry with Morozov, he founded bleaching factory near Bogorodsk (nowadays Noginsk) in 1844. Later, he built weaving, cotton-printing and dyeing factories nearby in the village Istomkino. Also Shibaev was one of founders of the Morozov’s Tver Manufactory, but he sold his share to Timothei Morozov soon. In the late of 1870s Shibaev developed a business of his new sphere - the oil industry. He bought some oil fields in Baku and founded the oil company "S. Shibaev and C". It was one of the first Russian enterprises engaged in processing and marketing of petroleum products. Later he opened in Baku factory for sulfuric acid production. He was related to Porcelain King Matvey Kuznetsov, another famous industrialist - they were both married to sisters Mityushins - Shibaev to Evdokia and Kuznetsov to Nadezhda. Shibaev’s wife inherited the business after her husband's death in 1883. She chaired the family company and managed it successfully. In her presence cotton mill was built, and the company took part in the All-Russian industrial exhibition for the first time in Nizhny Novgorod in 1896, where its products have been awarded the gold medal. The house on the Basmannaya Street was rebuilt. The main facade was decorated in pseudo-Russian style. The windows of the second floor were decorated with elegant top-stone architraves, double semi-columns appeared instead of responds, and the corners of the building were also decorated with such columns. The main facade was crowned with an attic of complicated shape and two stylized towers on the corners of the house. All the decorative elements of the facade were made of terra cotta - unglazed ceramics, and painted in different colors. Trim polychrome facade singled out this house on the Novaya Basmannaya Street. At the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, after the death of the Shibaev’s widow, the house was bought by the treasury and the city department Basmannaya hospital was housed in the manor. Basmannaya hospital located nearby in the former Demidov’s manor (now - building 26 on the Novaya Basmannaya Street). During the Soviet times the house was used for administrative purposes. The monument is on the restoration nowadays.