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Vasnetsov V. M.

Vasnetsov V. M.
Vasnetsov V. M.
живописец, архитектор
4.11
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Дата и место рождения:
3 (15) мая 1848, село Лопьял Вятской губернии
Дата и место смерти:
23 июля 1926, Москва
Сфера деятельности:
Art, Architecture
Эпоха:
Early 20th century, Russian Empire 18th-19th century
Рождение и происхождение

Васнецов Виктор Михайлович (3 (15) мая 1848 – 23 июля 1926) - живописец, график, архитектор, иллюстратор. Портретист, монументалист, автор жанровых картин, театральный художник.

Родился в селе Лопьял Вятской губернии. Сын сельского священника Михаила Васильевича Васнецова и Аполлинарии Ивановны. Всего в семье было шестеро детей, в том числе Аполлинарий Васнецов – художник, известный живописными реконструкциями старой, допетровской Москвы.


Образование

Первоначальное образование получил в Вятской духовной семинарии. В 1868–1875 годах учился в Петербургской Академии художеств. В 1876 году был в Париже, затем в Италии. С 1874 года постоянно участвовал в выставках передвижников. В 1892 году получил звание академика. Как и многие русские художники того времени, стремился выйти за границы канонов академического искусства.


Деятельность

С 1878 года Васнецов поселился в Москве, где им были написаны самые известные картины и выработана иллюстративно-фольклорная направленность творчества. Современников поражали огромные полотна на исторические темы и темы русских сказок и былин – «После побоища», «Богатыри» и т.д.

Искусство Васнецова порождало острые дискуссии. Многие видели в нем начало нового, истинно национального направления в русской живописи. Но большинство считало его живопись безынтересной, а попытки возродить византийский и древнерусский стили бесплодными. Особые споры возникли после выхода первого номера журнала «Мир искусство» в 1898 году, где также было представлено творчество Васнецова. «Никак я не мог одобрить и то, что в первом же номере, имевшем как-никак значение известного credo наших идеалов и стремлений, половина иллюстраций была посвящена тому художнику, к которому у меня выработалось определенное отрицательное отношение, а именно к Виктору Васнецову» – негодовал А.Н. Бенуа. Чуть позже Михаил Нестеров писал: «Десятки русских выдающихся художников берут свое начало из национального источника – таланта Виктора Васнецова».

Тем не менее, творчество В.М. Васнецова оказало влияние на художников периода модерн и, особенно, на художников Абрамцевского кружка С.И. Мамонтова, одним из организаторов которого и активным участником он был в 1880-х годах. Васнецов исполнил костюмы и декорации для постановок в театре Мамонтова, в 1881 году вместе с В. Поленовым построил церковь в «русском стиле» в Абрамцеве. В дальнейшем он спроектировал и осуществил немало построек: собственный дом и мастерскую в 3-м Троицком переулке (ныне Васнецова), галерею Цветкова на Пречистенской набережной, фасад главного здания Третьяковской галереи в Лаврушинском переулке и т.д.

В 1885-1896 годах принимал участие в работе над росписями Владимирского собора в Киеве. Обращение к религиозной теме им было продолжено в мозаиках для храма Вознесения в Петербурге, росписях и мозаиках храма Рождества Иоанна Предтечи на Пресне и т.д.


Личная жизнь

Был женат на Александре Владимировне Рязанцевой. Имел сыновей: Бориса, Алексея, Михаила, Владимира и дочь Татьяну.


Смерть

Умер в Москве в своей мастерской во время работы над портретом. Похоронен на Лазаревском кладбище. Позднее его прах был перенесен на Введенское кладбище Москвы.


Victor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (May 3 (15) 1848 - July 23, 1926) - painter, graphic artist, architect, illustrator. Portraitist, muralist, author of genre paintings, theater artist.

Born in the village Lopyal, Vyatka province. The son of a village priest Mikhail Vasilievich Vasnetsov and Apollonia Ivanovna. All in the family had six children, including Apollinaris Vasnetsov - artist known for spectacular reconstruction of the old, pre-Petrine Moscow.

Vasnetsov got his basic education in the Vyatka Theological Seminary. In 1868-1875 he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. In 1876 he was in Paris, then in Italy. Since 1874 continuously participated in exhibitions Wanderers. In 1892 he received the title of academician. Like many Russian artists of the time, wanted to go beyond the boundaries of the canons of academic art.

Since 1878 Vasnetsov settled in Moscow, where he wrote the most famous paintings and developed illustrative and folk art direction. Struck contemporaries huge canvases on historical subjects and themes of Russian fairy tales and legends - "After the Battle", "Heroes", etc.

Vasnetsov Art rise sharp debates. Many saw it as the beginning of a new, truly national trends in Russian painting. But most found it uninteresting painting, and attempts to revive the Byzantine and ancient styles fruitless. Special disputes arose after the first issue of the magazine "World of Art" in 1898, which was also presented creative Vasnetsov. "No I could not endorse the fact that in the first room, which had, after all, the value of the famous credo of our ideals and aspirations, illustrations half was devoted to the artist, to which I have developed a certain negative attitude, namely Viktor Vasnetsov" - resented AN Benoit. A little later, Mikhail Nesterov wrote: "Dozens of Russian prominent artists originate from national sources - Viktor Vasnetsov talent."

Nevertheless, creativity VM Vasnetsov influenced the artists of the period and modern, especially for artists Abramtsevo circle SI Mamontov, one of the organizers of which he was an active participant in the 1880s. Vasnetsov fulfilled the costumes and sets for productions at the theater Mamontov, in 1881, together with V. Polenov built the church in the "Russian style" in Abramtsevo. Later he designed and implemented a lot of buildings: their own home and workshop in the 3rd Trinity Lane (now Vasnetsov) Tsvetkov gallery on Prechistenskaya waterfront facade of the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane, etc.

In 1885-1896 he participated in the work on the paintings of Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev. Appeal to their religious theme was continued in the mosaics for the church of the Ascension in St. Petersburg, paintings and mosaics of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist in Presnya, etc.

He was married to Alexandra Vladimirovna Ryazantseva. Had sons: Boris, Alexis; Michael; Vladimir and daughter Tatyana.

He died in Moscow in his studio while working on the portrait. He was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery. Later his remains were moved to the Vvedenskoe cemetery in Moscow.

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Связанные объекты(30)
Handicraft MuseumЭти палаты сподвижника Петра I известны современникам как... кустарный музей.
Леонтьевский пер., дом 7, строение 1А,1Б,1В
Tverskaya
V.M. Vasnetsov House - MuseumThe house of the outstanding Russian artist V. M. Vasnetsov is located behind the Sadovoe Ring, not far from the Moscow Courtyard of the Holy Trinity St. Sergius Lavra, in a quiet, shady lane. It was built in 1894 by the artist himself in the neo-Russian style. VM Vasnetsov lived here the last 32 years of his life (1894–1926). On August 25, 1953, a museum was opened in the house, in 1954 the 3rd Trinity Lane, in which the house stands, was renamed Vasnetsov Lane.

Immediately after the death of the artist, the relatives had the idea of “to preserve everything, as it were, to arrange something like a house-museum”. Turning to the Tretyakov Gallery for help, they received consent to work together to organize a posthumous exhibition of works by V. M. Vasnetsov with the further perspective of creating a museum.

On January 27, 1927, the artist's son, Alexey Viktorovich Vasnetsov, submitted to the Gallery's Board a statement that the family was ready to accept all the obligations related to the arrangement of the exhibition. He was also approved as the ombudsman. Alexey Viktorovich was helped by his sister Tatyana Viktorovna and wife Zinaida Konstantinovna. M. V. Nesterov, P. Korin, An. M. and Vl. V. Vasnetsov and Scientific Secretary of the Tretyakov Gallery N. S. Morgunov participated in the design of the exhibition. The necessary repairs were carried out, several hundred posters with information about the exhibition were printed and posted, tickets were prepared and a catalog was published.

The exhibition opened on March 13, 1927. On the first day, about 600 people visited it. In the following days, many interested visitors and school groups came to the exhibition, there were excursions. The exhibition remained until 1933.

In the preface to the catalog it was stated that the works exhibited at the exhibition, in particular the fairy-tale cycle, were presented to the public for the first time and that in the future landscapes, sketches and sketches will be shown, “which, combined with what is shown now, should be composed by the Victor Vasnetsov Museum ". The exhibition featured 212 exhibits: painting, graphics and objects of decorative and applied arts. The exhibits were located in the living room, the former classroom and in the workshop. Fabulous epic paintings the authors of the catalog provided with short texts from the literary source.

During the Great Patriotic War, the artist's family continued to live in the house. Large paintings were rolled up, the rest of the work laid out in boxes. The house itself was not damaged, but the fence and the terrace were not preserved. In September 1946, the heirs expressed a desire to organize a museum in the house by the centenary of the birth of V. M. Vasnetsov in 1948 and negotiate with the Tretyakov Gallery about it. The exhibition of paintings by the master, which opened in May 1948 in the exhibition hall of the Union of Soviet Artists, aroused great interest among the visitors and contributed to the decision to organize the museum.
On June 29, 1950, an order was issued by the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the organization of the House Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov. The Committee on Arts at the Council of Ministers of the USSR issued an order to proceed with the organization of the museum, for which purpose it is possible to receive the house, as well as art collections and property, which the heirs of the artist donate to the state.

A month later, on July 29, 1950, the heirs signed a statement to the Committee for Arts at the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the donation of property and valuables to the state for the organization of the V.M. Vasnetsov House-Museum. On July 18, 1951, the Order of the Committee approved the “Regulations on the House-Museum of V.M. Vasnetsov”. On August 28, 1951, an act was signed by the commission of the house, works of art — painting, graphics, works of decorative and applied arts, household items and property of V. M. Vasnetsov from his heirs.

The first director of the museum (from 1951 to 1957) was the nephew of the artist Dmitry Arkadyevich Vasnetsov, a member of the First World War and the Great Patriotic War, the actor of the Musical Theater K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, the director of the Children's Music School. Z.K. Vasnetsova was appointed chief custodian. Together with Tatiana Viktorovna D. A. Vasnetsov was engaged in repairing the house, restoring its planning and recreating the situation that was during the life of V. M. Vasnetsov. The architecture of the house was fully preserved. The decor of the house was restored at the beginning of the twentieth century. The decoration of the dining room, living room and workshop is almost completely preserved. Also, genuine objects, which were transferred to the museum by the artist's family, were presented in all the other rooms, including exposition ones.
The part of the collection that remained in the ownership of the heirs was transferred to the museum under the will of T. V. Vasnetsova in 1959 and on the basis of its deed of gift in 1961. Thus, all collections: painting, graphics, objects of decorative and applied arts and everyday life, the personal archive and library of the artist, photography and reproduction were included in the museum collection, which was replenished with gifts from various individuals, procurement, and currently has about 25 thousands of museum items.

In 1978–80, the house was restored, the outbuildings of the outbuildings were restored, where the janitor’s, the laundry room and the coach house were located under the common roof, and the cobblestone pavement and brick path were restored in the courtyard. A firewall (brick wall) erected in the 80s of the 19th century was preserved from the east, to which in the 1970s "the Savior on the Throne" mosaic, made at the beginning of the 20th century according to the design of V.M. Vasnetsov in the Petersburg mosaic workshop, was transferred under the leadership of V. A. Frolov. On the north and west side of the house there is a garden with centuries-old oaks and elms.

At the time of its organization, the museum was under the jurisdiction of the Committee for Arts at the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The practical management of the museum was carried out by the General Directorate of Fine Arts. In 1954, the museum was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, in January 1955 - under the jurisdiction of the Department of Culture of the Moscow City Council. In 1963, it was decided to join the Museum of History and Reconstruction of Moscow, and in 1986 the House Museum of V.M. Vasnetsov became part of the All-Union Museum Association "State Tretyakov Gallery" as a scientific department.
Moscow, Vasnetsov Lane, 13
Suharevskaya, Prospekt Mira
В доме сохранились известный кабинет Мамонтова и столовая.
ЦАО, Садовая-Спасская ул., дом 6, строение 1
Suharevskaya
Московский театр оперетты.Усадьба XVIII века.
Улица Кузнецкий Мост, 2/6 - улица Большая Дмитровка 6/2
Рижский 1-й пер., дом 2с1, 2с2, 2с5, 2с6, 2с7, 2с9, 2с10, 2с12
Pimen church in New VorotnikiIn 1927-1932 future Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Pimen served as a regent 's of the Church choir.
Нововоротниковский пер., дом 3, стр. 1
Новоалексеевская ул., дом 16с10
Morozov’s mansionThis is a house with a long, rich and interesting history.
Большой Трёхсвятительский пер., д. 1-3, стр. 1
The Central Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art named after Andrey RublevThe central museum of ancient Russian culture and art named after Andrei Rublev is located within the walls of the ancient Spaso-Andronikov monastery. The museum was founded in 1947 as a specialized museum of ancient Russian art. It received the name of the greatest icon painter Andrei Rublev. The oldest in Moscow, the white-stone Cathedral of the Savior, made between 1410 and 1427, is located on the territory of the monastery. Spassky Cathedral painted by Andrei Rublev. The remains of the fresco remained inside the cathedral in the slopes of the altar windows. Andrei Rublev was a monk of the Savior-Andronikov monastery and was buried near the Savior Cathedral. The museum exposition is deployed in the complex of the Church of St. Michael the Archangel, built at the end of the 17th century by order of the first wife of Peter I, Evdokia Lopukhina. Periodic exhibitions devoted to the church art of different eras are held in the Priorysky Corps of the monastery. The museum acquaints visitors with outstanding examples of artistic creativity of the XI-XVII centuries. The icon collection of the museum is internationally renowned and includes many outstanding works. Among them are the masterpieces of the artists of the circle of Andrei Rublev and Dionysius, the workshop of Metropolitan Macarius and Tsar Ivan the Terrible. The art of the 17th century, the work of icon painters of the Armory and regional masters is especially fully represented.
живописец